Lucy, Lady Houston

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

DBE
Born
Fanny Lucy Radmall

(1857-04-08)8 April 1857
Lambeth, London, England
Died29 December 1936(1936-12-29) (aged 79)
Highgate
, London, England
Other namesPoppy Radmall
Known forAviation pioneer, newspaper publisher
Spouses
  • Theodore Francis Brinckman
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1883; div. 1895)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1901; died 1917)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1924; died 1926)​

Dame Fanny Lucy Houston, Lady Houston,

suffragist.[1]

Beginning in 1933, she published the

Spitfire" because of her support for its predecessor, the Supermarine seaplane.[2]

Early life

Fanny Lucy Radmall was the fourth daughter of Thomas Radmall, a woollen warehouseman and draper, and Maria Isabella Clark.

chorus girl known as "Poppy".[3]

At the age of sixteen, she took up with a wealthy man twice her age, Frederick "Freddy" Gretton, whose family were co-owners of the Bass Brewery. She was his mistress for ten years. Gretton was a keen supporter of the Turf and owner of celebrated racehorses (such as Isonomy, winning the Stayers' Triple Crown). Gretton died in 1882 and left her a legacy of £6,000 per year, an enormous sum (equivalent to £656,000 in 2019), much to the disgust of his family.

Marriages to Brinckman and Byron

Now set up in life, she wanted a stage career. However, only three weeks in to her first stage role in a production by the

eloped with Theodore Francis Brinckman, son of Sir Theodore Brinckman, 2nd Baronet.[5] On 3 September 1883 they married but the relationship did not flourish and the couple divorced on 14 January 1895 after a long separation. After a dramatic proposal on her part, she remarried on 1 March 1901, to the retiring and previously confirmed bachelor, George Byron, 9th Baron Byron. During their marriage, as Lady Byron, she was an active suffragette who used her wealth to support the cause and stood bail for Emmeline Pankhurst
.

During the

Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for her creation of the Bluebirds' Nest, a rest home on Hampstead Heath for nurses serving on the Western Front.[6][7]

Marriage to Sir Robert Houston

Her third and final marriage was to

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as "a hard, ruthless, unpleasant bachelor."[3] Nevertheless, Lucy Byron chased him for seven years, seeing off his old friend F.E. Smith, who opposed the marriage.[5]
Lucy got her way and finally they married on 12 December 1924.

Houston established residence at Beaufield House,

Saint Saviour, Jersey for the purposes of tax avoidance, and the couple divided their time between England, Jersey, and Houston's luxurious yacht, SY Liberty. When Sir Robert showed her his will, Lady Houston reportedly tore it up, telling him that £1,000,000 (equivalent to £56 million in 2019) was insufficient. By the time of their marriage Sir Robert was an invalid who suffered from bouts of depression and believed that he was being poisoned. He died aboard Liberty on 14 April 1926, leaving his widow roughly £5.5 million (equivalent to £310 million in 2019).[2]

Lady Houston was now England's second richest woman. Although not liable to pay death duties on Houston's estate she negotiated personally with Winston Churchill, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, to pay £1.6 million (equivalent to £90 million in 2019) without admitting liability.[3]

Schneider Trophy

Main article: Schneider Trophy
Supermarine S.6B, winner of the 1931 Schneider Trophy

Lady Houston gave generously to British aviation. In 1931, she donated £100,000 (equivalent to £6 million in 2019) to

Hugh Trenchard held the view that there was no advantage as aircraft development would continue whether or not the UK competed.[8]
The Ministry forbade the use of the aircraft that competed in the 1929 race; forbade RAF pilots of the
Solent
. The Royal Aero Club sent a statement to the Cabinet on 22 January 1931, offering to raise £100,000, if the Government would rescind the Air Ministry's decrees on planes, pilots and policing.

Many newspapers backing the opposition Conservative Party wanted to put pressure on Ramsay MacDonald's National government. One newspaper sent a telegram to MacDonald stating that, "To prevent the socialist government from being spoilsports, Lady Houston will be responsible for all extra expenses beyond what Sir Philip Sassoon[9] (President of the Royal Aero Club) says can be found, so that Great Britain can take part in the race for the Schneider trophy." The gift gave Lady Houston an opportunity to attack the Labour government, with the declaration "Every true Briton would rather sell his last shirt than admit that England could not afford to defend herself."[3]

Later life

In 1932, she offered to give £200,000 (equivalent to £12 million in 2019) to strengthen the British Armed Forces. The National Government refused. She hung a huge electric sign, "DOWN WITH MACDONALD THE TRAITOR", in the rigging of Liberty and sailed round Great Britain.[10] In a telegram to MacDonald, she wrote:

I alone have dared to point out the dire need for air defence of London. You have muzzled others who have deplored this shameful neglect. You have treated my patriotic gesture with a contempt such as no other government would have been guilty of toward a patriot.

She funded disruptive campaigns against the National Government at nine by-elections in 1933.[3]

In 1933, she financed the

Rule Britannia. God bless you both."[11]

Following her purchase of the Saturday Review in 1933 at the age of 76, she threw herself in a frenzy of activity as a newspaper proprietor determined to alert Britain to the weakness of its political leaders and the dangers of

Lloyd George, Winston Churchill, and ultimately from 1935 the new king, her friend Edward VIII
, into the role of virtual dictator of the country.

In that she believed that Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler were strong leaders who pulled their countries, Italy and Germany, round from a state of decay, she wanted a strong British leader to emulate them. She admired the stance of both Hitler and Mussolini against Soviet Russia, believing that its political ambitions presented the greatest threat to the power of Britain and its Empire.[5]

She also considered funding Oswald Mosley and his British Union of Fascists with the £200,000 rejected by the Government; however, Mosley's publication, The Blackshirt, printed what she thought were insulting references to her and so she kept the money.[5]

Death

By the time of the

heart attack on 29 December 1936, aged 79, at her home, Byron Cottage, Highgate.[12][13] She had no children and left no will.[1]

In popular culture

Lady Houston is depicted in the 1942 film The First of the Few, directed by Leslie Howard, showing her support for the development of British aircraft and her anti-government views. She is portrayed by actress Toni Edgar-Bruce.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Astonishing Exploits of England's "Lady Bountiful"". Milwaukee Sentinel. 7 February 1937.
  2. ^ a b Almond, Peter (15 September 2010). "Saviour of the Spitfire". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  3. ^
    doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34015. (Subscription or UK public library membership
    required.)
  4. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Crompton, Teresa (2020). Adventuress, The Life and Loves of Lucy, Lady Houston. The History Press.
  6. ^ "No. 30250". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 August 1917. pp. 8794–8795.
  7. ^ Bedford Fenwick, Mrs, ed. (19 June 1915). "The Bluebirds' Nest" (PDF). The British Journal of Nursing. 54 (1420): 529. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  8. ^ "Schneider Trophy: Build-up to the 1931 Race. ", archived from the original on 25 October 2008
  9. ^ Conservative MP and former Under-Secretary of State for Air who became Under-Secretary again in 1931 in the National Government created that year
  10. ^ "People, Jan. 10, 1938". Time. 10 January 1938. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  11. ^ Transcript from The Daily Mirror newspaper, Wednesday, 24 October 1934, p. 3. "Brave Men Of My Heart" telegram by Lady Houston to Mr CWA Scott.
  12. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  13. ^ "No. 34387". The London Gazette. 9 April 1937. p. 2340.
  • J. Wentworth Day, Lady Houston, DBE: The Woman Who Won the War (Allan Wingate, 1958)

External links

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