Chancellor of the Exchequer

A previous chancellor, Robert Lowe, described the office in the following terms in the House of Commons, on 11 April 1870: "The Chancellor of the Exchequer is a man whose duties make him more or less of a taxing machine. He is entrusted with a certain amount of misery which it is his duty to distribute as fairly as he can."

The chancellor has considerable control over other departments as it is the Treasury that sets Departmental Expenditure Limits. The amount of power this gives to an individual chancellor depends on their personal forcefulness, their status within their party and their relationship with the prime minister.

One part of the chancellor's key roles involves the framing of the annual year

The budget is a state secret until the chancellor reveals it in the speech given to Parliament. Hugh Dalton, on his way to giving the budget speech in 1947, inadvertently blurted out key details to a newspaper reporter, and they appeared in print before he made his speech. Dalton was forced to resign.^[9]

Although the

The chancellor of the Exchequer has no official London residence as such but since 1828 in their role as Second Lord of the Treasury they live in the second lord's official residence, No. 11 Downing Street.^[12] In 1997, the then first and second Lords, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown respectively, swapped apartments, as the chancellor's larger apartment in No. 11 better accommodated Blair's substantial family (besides himself and his wife, he had three children under 18 upon taking office, and a fourth was born in 2000); meanwhile, Brown was then unmarried and had no children.

Dorneywood is the summer residence that is traditionally made available to the chancellor, though it is the prime minister who ultimately decides who may use it. Gordon Brown, on becoming chancellor in 1997, refused to use it and the house, which is set in 215 acres (87 ha)^[13] of parkland, was allocated to Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott. In 2007, it reverted to the then-chancellor, Alistair Darling.^[14]

The chancellor traditionally carries their budget speech to the House of Commons in a particular red despatch box. The so-called ‘Budget Box’ is identical to the cases used by all other government ministers (known as ministerial boxes or "despatch boxes") to transport their official papers, but is better known because the chancellor traditionally displays the box, containing the budget speech, to the press before leaving 11 Downing Street for the House of Commons.

The original budget box was first used by William Ewart Gladstone in 1853 and continued in use until 1965 when James Callaghan was the first chancellor to break with tradition when he used a newer box. Prior to Gladstone, a generic red despatch box of varying design and specification was used. The practice is said to have begun in the late 16th century, when Queen Elizabeth I's representative Francis Throckmorton presented the Spanish Ambassador, Bernardino de Mendoza, with a specially constructed red briefcase filled with black puddings.^[15]

In July 1997, Gordon Brown became the second chancellor to use a new box for the Budget. Made by industrial trainees at Babcock Rosyth Defence Ltd ship and submarine dockyard in Fife, the new box is made of yellow pine, with a brass handle and lock, covered in scarlet leather and embossed with the Royal cypher and crest and the chancellor's title. In his first Budget, in March 2008, Alistair Darling reverted to using the original budget box and his successor, George Osborne, continued this tradition for his first budget, before announcing that it would be retired due to its fragile condition.^[16] The key to the original budget box has been lost.^[17]

By tradition, the chancellor has been allowed to drink whatever they wish while making the annual budget speech to Parliament. This includes alcohol, which is otherwise banned under parliamentary rules.

Previous chancellors have opted for whisky (

The chancellors after Clarke, Philip Hammond, George Osborne, Alistair Darling and Gordon Brown,^[19] opted for water. In fact Darling drank what was named "Standard Water" in reference to, and support of, the London Evening Standard newspaper's campaign to have plain tap water available in restaurants at no charge to customers.^[20]

The chancellor, as

List of chancellors of the exchequer

England (c. 1221 – c. 1558)

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (January 2011)

Chancellor of the Exchequer		Term of office		Monarch (Reign)
	Eustace of Fauconberg Bishop of London	c. 1221	—	Henry III (1216–1272)
	John Maunsell Secretary of State	c. 1234	—
	Ralph de Leicester	before 1248
	Edward of Westminster	1248	—
	Albric de Fiscamp	before 1263
	John Chishull Lord Chancellor[1221 1]	1263	1265
	Walter Giffard Bishop of Bath and Wells	1265	1266
	Godfrey Giffard Lord Chancellor	1266	1268
	John Chishull Lord Chancellor	1268	1269
	Richard of Middleton Archdeacon of Northumberland	1269	1272†
	Roger de la Leye	before 1283
	Geoffrey de Neuband			Edward I (1272–1307)
	Philip de Willoughby	1283	1305
	John Benstead Secretary of State	1305	1306
	John Sandale Bishop of Winchester	c. July 1307	1308	Edward II (1307–1327)
	John of Markenfield	1309	1312
	John Hotham Bishop of Ely	1312	1316
	Hervey de Stanton	1316	c. 1323
	Walter Stapledon Lord High Treasurer	1323	c. 1324
	Hervey de Stanton Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	1324	c. January 1327
	Adam de Harvington	c. January 1327	1330	Edward III (1327–1377) [1221 2]
	Robert Wodehouse	1330	1331
	Robert de Stratford Bishop of Chichester	1331	1334
	John Hildesle	c. 1338	—
	William de Everdon	1341	—
	William Askeby Archdeacon of Northampton	1363	—
	Robert de Ashton	1375	c. June 1377
	Sir Walter Barnham	c. June 1377	c. September 1399	Richard II (1377–1399)
	Henry Somer MP for Middlesex	1410	1437	Henry IV (1399–1413)
				Henry V (1413–1422)
​				Henry VI (1422–1461) [1221 3]
	John Somerset	1441	1447
	Dover	1440?	1450?
	Thomas Witham	1454	—
	Thomas Thwaites	c. March 1461	—	Edward IV (1461–1470)
	Thomas Witham	1465	1469
​	Richard Fowler	1469	c. April 1471
				Henry VI (1470–1471)
	Thomas Thwaites Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster	c. April 1471	c. April 1483	Edward IV (1471–1483)
	Speaker of the House of Commons	c. April 1483	c. 1484	Edward V (1483) [1221 4]
				Richard III (1483–1485)
	Speaker of the House of Commons[1221 5]	c. August 1485	1524	Henry VII (1485–1509)
​				Henry VIII (1509–1547) [1221 6]
	John Bourchier 2nd Baron Berners	1524	1533?
	Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl of Essex Secretary of State	12 April 1533	10 June 1540
​	John Baker MP for Kent	1545	c. November 1558
				Edward VI (1547–1553) [1221 7]
				Mary I (1553–1558)

England (c. 1558 – 1708)

Chancellor of the Exchequer[a]		Term of office		Monarch (Reign)
	Richard Sackville[24] MP for Sussex	February 1559	21 April 1566†	Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
	Walter Mildmay[24] MP for Northamptonshire	1566	31 May 1589†
	John Fortescue[24] MP for Buckinghamshire[1558 1] →Middlesex[1558 2]	1589	1603
	George Home 1st Earl of Dunbar[24]	24 May 1603	April 1606	James I (1603–1625)
	Julius Caesar[24] MP for Middlesex	11 April 1606	1614
	Fulke Greville[24] MP for Warwickshire[1558 3]	15 October 1614	1621
	Richard Weston[24] MP for 7 constituencies successively	29 January 1621	15 July 1628
				Charles I (1625–1649)
	Edward Barrett 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh[24]	14 August 1628	1629
	Francis Cottington 1st Baron Cottington[24]	18 April 1629	6 January 1642
	John Colepeper[24] MP for Kent	6 January 1642	22 February 1643
	Edward Hyde[24]	February 1643	1646
Vacancy during the Interregnum (1649–1660)
Chancellor of the Exchequer[a]		Term of office		Ministry	Monarch (Reign)
	Edward Hyde 1st Baron Hyde[24]	1660	13 May 1661	Clarendon	1660–1685 )
	Anthony Ashley Cooper 1st Baron Ashley[24]	13 May 1661	22 November 1672
				Cabal
	John Duncombe[24] MP for Bury St Edmunds	22 November 1672	2 May 1676
				Danby I
​	John Ernle[24] MP for 4 constituencies successively	2 May 1676	9 April 1689
				Privy Council
​				Chits
					James II (1685–1688)
​					William III & Mary II (1689–1694)
	Henry Booth 2nd Baron Delamer[24]	9 April 1689	18 March 1690	Carmarthen–Halifax
	Richard Hampden[24] MP for Buckinghamshire	18 March 1690	10 May 1694	Carmarthen
	Charles Montagu[24] MP for Maldon → Westminster[1558 4]	10 May 1694	31 May 1699	Whig Junto I
					William III (1694–1702)
	John Smith[24] MP for Andover	31 May 1699	23 March 1701	Pembroke
​	Henry Boyle[24] MP for Cambridge University → Westminster[1558 5]	27 March 1701	22 April 1708
				Godolphin–Marlborough (Tory–Whig)	Anne (1702–1714)

1. 9th Parliament of Queen Elizabeth I
   .
2. ^ Served from 1601 prior to the Golden Speech.
3. 3rd Parliament of King James I
   in 1621.
4. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1695 general election.
5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1705 general election.

Great Britain (1708–1817)

Chancellor of the Exchequer[a]			Term of office		Party	Ministry	Monarch (Reign)
		John Smith[24] MP for Andover	22 April 1708	11 August 1710	Whig	Godolphin–Marlborough (Tory–Whig)	Anne (1702–1714)
		Robert Harley[24] MP for Radnor	11 August 1710	4 June 1711	Tory	Oxford–Bolingbroke
		York	4 June 1711	21 August 1713	Tory
		William Wyndham[24] MP for Somerset	21 August 1713	13 October 1714	Tory
							George I (1714–1727) [1708 1]
		Richard Onslow[24] MP for Surrey	13 October 1714	12 October 1715	Whig	Townshend
		Robert Walpole[24] MP for King's Lynn	12 October 1715	15 April 1717	Whig
		James Stanhope 1st Earl Stanhope[24]	15 April 1717	20 March 1718	Whig	Stanhope–Sunderland I
		John Aislabie[24] MP for Ripon	20 March 1718	23 January 1721	Whig	Stanhope–Sunderland II
		Lord Chief Justice (interim)	2 February 1721	3 April 1721	Whig
		Robert Walpole 1st Earl of Orford[24] MP for King's Lynn[1708 2]	3 April 1721	12 February 1742	Whig	Walpole–Townshend
							George II (1727–1760)
						Walpole
		Samuel Sandys[24] MP for Worcester	12 February 1742	12 December 1743	Whig	Carteret
​		Henry Pelham[24] MP for Sussex	12 December 1743	8 March 1754†	Whig
						Broad Bottom (I & II)
		Lord Chief Justice (interim)	8 March 1754	6 April 1754	Whig	Newcastle I
		Henry Bilson-Legge[24] MP for Orford	6 April 1754	25 November 1755	Whig
		George Lyttelton[24] MP for Okehampton	25 November 1755	16 November 1756	Whig
		Henry Bilson-Legge[24] MP for Orford	16 November 1756	13 April 1757	Whig	Pitt–Devonshire
		Lord Chief Justice (interim)	13 April 1757	2 July 1757	Whig
						1757 Caretaker
		Henry Bilson-Legge[24] MP for Orford → Hampshire[1708 3]	2 July 1757	19 March 1761	Whig	Pitt–Newcastle
							George III (1760–1820) [1708 4]
		William Barrington 2nd Viscount Barrington[24] MP for Plymouth	19 March 1761	29 May 1762	Whig
		Francis Dashwood[24] MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis	29 May 1762	16 April 1763	Tory	Bute (Tory–Whig)
		George Grenville[24] MP for Buckingham	16 April 1763	16 July 1765	Whig	Grenville (Whig–Tory)
		William Dowdeswell[24] MP for Worcestershire	16 July 1765	2 August 1766	Whig	Rockingham I
		Charles Townshend[24] MP for Harwich	2 August 1766	4 September 1767†	Whig	Chatham (Whig–Tory)
​		Frederick North Lord North[24] MP for Banbury	11 September 1767	27 March 1782	Tory
						Grafton
						North
		Lord John Cavendish[24] MP for York	27 March 1782	10 July 1782	Whig	Rockingham II
		William Pitt the Younger[24] MP for Appleby	10 July 1782	31 March 1783	Whig	Shelburne (Whig–Tory)
		Lord John Cavendish[24] MP for York	2 April 1783	19 December 1783	Whig	Fox–North
		William Pitt the Younger[24] MP for Appleby → Cambridge University[1708 5]	19 December 1783	14 March 1801	Tory	Pitt I
		Henry Addington[24] MP for Devizes	14 March 1801	10 May 1804	Tory	Addington
		William Pitt the Younger[24] MP for Cambridge University	10 May 1804	23 January 1806†	Tory	Pitt II
		Lord Chief Justice (interim)	23 January 1806	5 February 1806	Tory	All the Talents (Whig–Tory)
		Lord Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice[24] MP for Cambridge University	5 February 1806	26 March 1807	Whig
		Spencer Perceval[24] MP for Northampton	26 March 1807	11 May 1812†	Tory	Portland II
						Perceval
		Nicholas Vansittart[25] MP for East Grinstead → Harwich[1708 6]	9 June 1812	12 July 1817	Tory	Liverpool

1. ^ Lord Parker served as Regent of Great Britain from 1 August to 18 September 1714.
2. ^ Elevated to the Peerage of Great Britain on 6 February 1742.
3. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the Hampshire by-election.
4. Prince of Wales served as prince regent
   from 5 February 1811.
5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1784 general election.
6. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1812 general election.

United Kingdom (1817–present)

Although the Kingdoms of

56 Geo. 3. c. 98).^[26][27] For the holders of the Irish office before this date, see Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland

.

Chancellor of the Exchequer[a]			Term of office		Party	Ministry	Monarch (Reign)
		Nicholas Vansittart[24] MP for Harwich	12 July 1817	31 January 1823	Tory	Liverpool	George III (1760–1820) [1817 1]
							George IV (1820–1830)
		Frederick John Robinson[28] MP for Ripon	31 January 1823	27 April 1827	Tory
		George Canning[29] MP for Seaford	27 April 1827	8 August 1827†	Tory	Canning (Canningite–Whig)
		Lord Chief Justice (interim)	8 August 1827	5 September 1827	Tory	Goderich
		John Charles Herries[30] MP for Harwich	5 September 1827	26 January 1828	Tory
		Henry Goulburn[24] MP for Armagh	26 January 1828	22 November 1830	Tory	Wellington–Peel
							William IV (1830–1837)
		John Spencer Viscount Althorp[24] MP for Northamptonshire → South Northamptonshire[1817 2]	22 November 1830	14 November 1834	Whig	Grey
						Melbourne I
		Lord Chief Justice (interim)	14 November 1834	15 December 1834	Whig	Wellington Caretaker
		Robert Peel[24] MP for Tamworth	15 December 1834	8 April 1835	Conservative	Peel I
		Thomas Spring Rice[24] MP for Cambridge	18 April 1835	26 August 1839	Whig	Melbourne II
							Victoria (1837–1901)
		Francis Baring[24] MP for Portsmouth	26 August 1839	30 August 1841	Whig
		Henry Goulburn[24] MP for Cambridge University	3 September 1841	27 June 1846	Conservative	Peel II
		Charles Wood[24] MP for Halifax	6 July 1846	21 February 1852	Whig	Russell I
		Benjamin Disraeli[24] MP for Buckinghamshire	27 February 1852	17 December 1852	Conservative	Who? Who?
		William Ewart Gladstone[24] MP for Oxford University	28 December 1852	28 February 1855	Peelite	Aberdeen (Peelite–Whig)
		George Cornewall Lewis[24] MP for Radnor	28 February 1855	21 February 1858	Whig	Palmerston I
		Benjamin Disraeli[24] MP for Buckinghamshire	26 February 1858	11 June 1859	Conservative	Derby–Disraeli II
		William Ewart Gladstone[24] MP for Oxford University → South Lancashire[1817 3]	18 June 1859	26 June 1866	Liberal	Palmerston II
						Russell II
		Benjamin Disraeli[24] MP for Buckinghamshire	6 July 1866	29 February 1868	Conservative	Derby–Disraeli III
		George Ward Hunt[24] MP for North Northamptonshire	29 February 1868	1 December 1868	Conservative
		Robert Lowe[24] MP for London University	9 December 1868	11 August 1873	Liberal	Gladstone I
		William Ewart Gladstone[24] MP for Greenwich	11 August 1873	17 February 1874	Liberal
		Stafford Northcote[24] MP for North Devonshire	21 February 1874	21 April 1880	Conservative	Disraeli II
		William Ewart Gladstone[24] MP for Midlothian	28 April 1880	16 December 1882	Liberal	Gladstone II
		Hugh Childers[24] MP for Pontefract	16 December 1882	9 June 1885	Liberal
		Bristol West	24 June 1885	28 January 1886	Conservative	Salisbury I
		William Harcourt[24] MP for Derby	6 February 1886	20 July 1886	Liberal	Gladstone III
		Paddington South	3 August 1886	22 December 1886	Conservative	Salisbury II
		George Goschen[24] MP for St George Hanover Square	14 January 1887	11 August 1892	Liberal Unionist
		William Harcourt[24] MP for Derby	18 August 1892	21 June 1895	Liberal	Gladstone IV
						Rosebery
		Bristol West	29 June 1895	11 August 1902	Conservative	Salisbury (III & IV) (Con.–Lib.U.)
							Edward VII (1901–1910)
		Charles Ritchie[24] MP for Croydon	11 August 1902	9 October 1903	Conservative	Balfour
		East Worcestershire	9 October 1903	4 December 1905	Liberal Unionist
		Herbert Henry Asquith[24] MP for East Fife	10 December 1905	16 April 1908	Liberal	Campbell-Bannerman
		Caernarvon Boroughs	16 April 1908	25 May 1915	Liberal	Asquith (I–III)
							George V (1910–1936)
		North Monmouthshire	25 May 1915	10 December 1916	Liberal	Asquith Coalition (Lib.–Con.–et al.)
		Bonar Law[24] MP for Bootle → Glasgow Central[1817 4]	10 December 1916	10 January 1919	Conservative	Lloyd George (I & II)
		Austen Chamberlain[24] MP for Birmingham West	10 January 1919	1 April 1921	Conservative
		Glasgow Hillhead	1 April 1921	19 October 1922	Conservative
		Stanley Baldwin[24] MP for Bewdley	27 October 1922	27 August 1923	Conservative	Law
​						Baldwin I
		Birmingham Ladywood	27 August 1923	22 January 1924	Conservative
		Philip Snowden[24] MP for Colne Valley	22 January 1924	3 November 1924	Labour	MacDonald I
		Winston Churchill[24] MP for Epping Chancellorship	6 November 1924	4 June 1929	Conservative	Baldwin II
		Philip Snowden[24] MP for Colne Valley	7 June 1929	5 November 1931	Labour	MacDonald II
					National Labour	National I (N.Lab.–Con.–et al.)
		Birmingham Edgbaston	5 November 1931	28 May 1937	Conservative	National II
​						National III (Con.–N.Lab.–et al.)
							1936 )
​							George VI (1936–1952)
		John Simon[24] MP for Spen Valley	28 May 1937	12 May 1940	Liberal National	National IV
						Chamberlain War
		Kingsley Wood[24] MP for Woolwich West	12 May 1940	21 September 1943†	Conservative	Churchill War (All parties)
​		Combined Scottish Universities	24 September 1943	26 July 1945	Independent (National )
						Churchill Caretaker (Con.–Lib.N.)
		Hugh Dalton[24] MP for Bishop Auckland	27 July 1945	13 November 1947	Labour	Attlee (I & II)
		Bristol South East[1817 5]	13 November 1947	19 October 1950	Labour
		Hugh Gaitskell[24] MP for Leeds South	19 October 1950	26 October 1951	Labour
		Richard Austen Butler[24] MP for Saffron Walden	26 October 1951	20 December 1955	Conservative	Churchill III
							Elizabeth II (1952–2022)
						Eden
		Harold Macmillan[24] MP for Bromley	20 December 1955	13 January 1957	Conservative
		Peter Thorneycroft[24] MP for Monmouth	13 January 1957	6 January 1958	Conservative	Macmillan (I & II)
		Derick Heathcoat-Amory[24] MP for Tiverton	6 January 1958	27 July 1960	Conservative
		Selwyn Lloyd[24] MP for Wirral	27 July 1960	13 July 1962	Conservative
​		Reginald Maudling[32] MP for Barnet	16 July 1962	16 October 1964	Conservative
						Douglas-Home
		Cardiff South East	17 October 1964	29 November 1967	Labour	Wilson (I & II)
		Roy Jenkins[34] MP for Birmingham Stechford	29 November 1967	19 June 1970	Labour
		Enfield West	20 June 1970	20 July 1970†	Conservative	Heath
		Altrincham and Sale	25 July 1970	4 March 1974	Conservative
		Leeds East	5 March 1974	4 May 1979	Labour	Wilson (III & IV)
						Callaghan
		East Surrey	4 May 1979	11 June 1983	Conservative	Thatcher I
		Nigel Lawson[24] MP for Blaby	11 June 1983	26 October 1989	Conservative	Thatcher II
​						Thatcher III
		John Major[24] MP for Huntingdon	26 October 1989	28 November 1990	Conservative
		Norman Lamont[24] MP for Kingston-upon-Thames	28 November 1990	27 May 1993	Conservative	Major I
​						Major II
		Kenneth Clarke[24] MP for Rushcliffe	27 May 1993	2 May 1997	Conservative
		Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath[1817 6] Chancellorship	2 May 1997	27 June 2007	Labour	Blair (I, II & III)
		Edinburgh South West	28 June 2007	11 May 2010	Labour	Brown
		George Osborne[36] MP for Tatton Chancellorship	11 May 2010	13 July 2016	Conservative	Cameron–Clegg (Con.–L.D.)
						Cameron II
		Runnymede and Weybridge	13 July 2016	24 July 2019	Conservative	May I
						May II
		Sajid Javid[38][39] MP for Bromsgrove	24 July 2019	13 February 2020	Conservative	Johnson I
​						Johnson II
		Richmond (Yorks) Chancellorship	13 February 2020	5 July 2022	Conservative
		Nadhim Zahawi[41] MP for Stratford-on-Avon	5 July 2022	6 September 2022	Conservative
‍		Kwasi Kwarteng[42] MP for Spelthorne	6 September 2022	14 October 2022	Conservative	Truss
							Charles III (2022–present)
		South West Surrey Chancellorship	14 October 2022	5 July 2024	Conservative
​						Sunak
		Rachel Reeves MP for Leeds West and Pudsey Chancellorship	5 July 2024	Incumbent	Labour	Starmer

1. Prince of Wales served as prince regent
   from 5 February 1811.
2. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1832 general election.
3. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1865 general election.
4. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1918 general election.
5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1950 general election.
6. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 2005 general election.

Timeline

1817–present

See also

• Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
• List of lord high treasurers of England and Great Britain

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Including constituencies for elected MPs.

References

1. ^ "Salaries of Members of His Majesty's Government – Financial Year 2022–23" (PDF). 15 December 2022.
2. ^ "Pay and expenses for MPs". parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
3. ^ Martin, Ben (13 July 2016). "Who is Philip Hammond, Britain's new Chancellor, and what are likely to be his first steps?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
4. ^ Joseph Haydn, Horace Ockerby (ed.): The Book of Dignities, 3rd edition, Part III (Political and Official), p. 164. W.H. Allen & Co., London 1894, reprinted by Firecrest Publishing Ltd, Pancakes, 1969.
5. ^ Chrimes, Administrative History, pp. 62–63.
6. ^ "George Osborne gives evidence on Budget to the Treasury Select Committee". ITV.COM. Retrieved 25 April 2022. Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne gives evidence to the Treasury Select Committee.
7. ISBN 0485171414
   . Retrieved 19 October 2021.
8. ^ "Gordon Brown: Chancellor of the Exchequer". Encyclopedia II. Experiencefestival.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
9. ^ Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (1985) pp 524–48.
10. ^ "Monetary Policy | Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) | Framework". Bank of England. 6 May 1997. Archived from the original on 8 May 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
11. ^ Owen, James (19 December 2012). "Sir Isaac Newton – did you know?". The Royal Mint. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
12. ^ "History of Number 11 Downing Street". UK Government. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
13. ^ "Local History". Burnham Parish Council. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011.
14. ^ "Reluctant Chancellor makes a move to keep his mansion out of reach". Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
15. ^ "What is the Budget Box? Why is it red?". Birmingham Mail. 27 October 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
16. ^ "Bye-bye budget box, hello backpack". The Guardian. 21 March 2011.
17. ^ Darling, Alistair (2011). Back from the Brink.
18. ^ "The Budget and Parliament". www.parliament.uk. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
19. ^ Lydall, Ross (6 March 2008). "Chancellor names his preferred Budget tipple – a glass of plain London tap water". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
20. ^ Murphy, Joe (5 March 2008). "Darling chooses tap water for Budget Day to support Standard campaign". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
21. ^ "November, 1943. Sir John Anderson, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, wearing traditional robes and holding his red budget box". Getty Images. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
22. ^ "Portrait of Churchill in the robes of wearing his robes as Chancellor of the Exchequer, by John Singer Sargent, 1929. © National Trust Collections". 4 December 2012.
23. ^ Vina, Gonzalo (10 December 2010). "www.bloomberg.com". Bloomberg.
24. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh} "Past Chancellors of the Exchequer". gov.uk. Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
25. ^ "No. 16611". The London Gazette. 9 June 1812. p. 1111.
26. Consolidated Fund Act 1816 (c. 98). 1816 [Regnal 56 Geo. 3]. § 2
    .
27. OL 13505280M
    .
28. ^ "No. 17893". The London Gazette. 4 February 1823. p. 193.
29. ^ "No. 18356". The London Gazette. 27 April 1827. p. 937.
30. ^ "No. 18394". The London Gazette. 7 September 1827. p. 1892.
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Further reading

• Barber, Stephen. "'Westminster's wingman'? Shadow chancellor as a strategic and coveted political role." British Politics 11.2 (2016): 184–204.
• Baxter, Stephen B. The Development of the Treasury, 1660–1702 (1957) online
• Browning, Peter. The Treasury and Economic Policy: 1964–1985 (Longman, 1986).
• Dell, Edmund. The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90 (HarperCollins, 1997) 619pp; 17 chapters covering the terms of each chancellor.
• Holt, Richard. Second Amongst Equals: Chancellors of the Exchequer and the British Economy (Profile Books, 2001).
• Jenkins, Roy. The Chancellors (1998); 497pp; covers entire career as well as term in office of 19 chancellors from 1886 to 1947.
• Kynaston, David
  . The chancellor of the exchequer (T. Dalton, 1980).
• Peden, G. C. The Treasury and British Public Policy, 1906–1959 (Oxford UP, 2000). online
• Seldon, Anthony. The Impossible Office? The History of the British Prime Minister (2021) excerpt major scholarly history. Covers the relations with Prime Minister in Chapter 9.
• Vincent, Nicholas C. "The Origins of the Chancellorship of the Exchequer." English Historical Review 108.426 (1993): 105–121. in JSTOR
• Woodward, Nicholas. The management of the British economy, 1945–2001 (Manchester University Press, 2004).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chancellors of the Exchequer.

• Official website