MCD peptide

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
The amino acid sequence of MCD peptide[1]
Met - Cys - Ile - Cys - Lys - Asn - Gly - Lys - Pro - Leu - Pro - Gly - Phe - Ile - Gly - Lys - Ile - Cys - Arg - Lys - Ile - Cys - Met - Met - Gln - Gln -Thr - His(NH2)

Mast cell degranulating (MCD)

potassium channels
.

Sources

MCD peptide is a component of

Apis mellifera.[3]

Chemistry

MCD peptide is a cationic 22-amino acid residue peptide with two disulfide bridges.[4] Although the MCD peptide sequence shows similarity with apamin,[5] they have different toxic properties. MCD peptide belongs to a large family composed of numerous derivatives detecting specific targets and displaying different toxic effects.[4]

Targets

MCD peptide has

Kv1.2.[8][9][10][11] Accordingly, MCD peptide can act in various regions of rat brain, including cerebellum, brainstem, hypothalamus, striatum, midbrain, cortex,[6][12] and hippocampus.[6] However, MCD peptide shows no binding activity in the peripheral neuronal system.[12]

Mode of action

For its immunotoxic properties, a low concentration of MCD peptide can cause mast cell degranulation by releasing histamine; at higher concentrations it displays anti-inflammatory activities.[6]

Through its effect on ionic channels, MCD peptide can induce

polypeptide chains of molecular weight between 76,000 and 80,000 and 38,000 daltons.[14] By blocking potassium channels, the MCD peptide can increase the duration of action potentials and increase neuronal excitability.[6]

Toxicity

The neurotoxicity of MCD peptide is distincted from its histamine releasing function.[2] The histamine releasing function of MCD peptide, at low concentrations, causes the degranulation of mast cell [4] ,[13] and shows anti-inflammatory activity at higher concentrations.[4][15] These actions of MCD peptide on mast cells is thought to be involved in allergic and inflammatory processes related to type I hypersensitivity reaction.[16]

MCD peptide shows

voltage-gated potassium channels by the MCD peptide.[15] However, there is no toxicity of MCD administered peripherally, even at high doses.[12]

Therapeutic use

As a mast cell activator, the MCD peptide evokes large increases in antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses.[17] Therefore, it is used as a vaccine adjuvant. MCD peptide analogs, such as [Ala12] MCD, provide a base for designing agents that can prevent IgE/Fc-RIa interactions and reduce allergic conditions.[18][19]

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 3858397
    .
  2. ^
    S2CID 43037442
    .
  3. S2CID 23838583
    .
  4. ^
    S2CID 20534216
    .
  5. PMID 7759523
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 2183333
    .
  7. S2CID 30941704
    .
  8. PMID 1438587
    .
  9. PMID 7517498
    .
  10. PMID 9112070
    .
  11. PMID 2555158
    .
  12. ^
    PMID 6501283
    .
  13. ^
    S2CID 4338101
    .
  14. PMID 2455300
    .
  15. ^
    S2CID 28729760
    .
  16. PMID 8172685
    .
  17. PMID 18425129
    .
  18. PMID 16083440
    .
  19. S2CID 2702116
    .
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