Medway Viaducts
Medway Viaducts | |
---|---|
Crosses | River Medway |
Locale | Cuxton, England |
Characteristics | |
Design | Cantilever |
Total length | Original: 997.3 metres (3,272 ft) New: Rail: 1,300 metres (4,265 ft) |
Width | Original: 34.44 metres (113 ft) New: Rail: |
Longest span | Original: 152.4 metres (500 ft) New: Rail:152.4 metres (500 ft) |
Clearance below | Original: 35.5 metres (116 ft) at maximum New: Rail: |
History | |
Opened | Original: 29 May 1963 New: 2003 Rail: September 2003 |
Location | |
The Medway Viaducts are three bridges or viaducts that cross the
The first Medway Viaduct, built to carry the M2 motorway, opened on 29 May 1963. It remained the only overcrossing of the river on this site until the 2000s, at which point two further bridges were constructed. The second Medway Viaduct was part of the M2 widening scheme, its opening in 2003 enabled the first bridge to be reconfigured to carry coast-bound road traffic only, while the new structure carried the London-bound traffic instead. Other remedial works to the older first bridge were also carried out around this time, including the replacement of its original concrete central span with a steel-braced equivalent.
The third Medway Viaduct was completed in 2002, enabling the High Speed 1 railway line to traverse the river. Its design was somewhat unusual, using V-shaped reinforced concrete piers to support its bridge deck, which was prefabricated in segments and launched into position using hydraulic rams from the abutments; this deck is a cantilever structure. During 2003, a new British rail speed record was achieved by a specially formed Eurostar train crossed the viaduct at 208 mph (335 km/h). It has also won awards for its novel civil engineering practices.
Original motorway viaduct
Opened on 29 May 1963, by Ernest Marples, the Minister of Transport, the first Medway crossing formed a key element of the new M2 motorway.[1][2] Built at a cost of £2.5 million, invitations to tender for the bridge's construction were sought in 1959. It consists of three main spans. The largest over the River Medway spans 500 ft, and the other two are 313 ft each. There are seventeen smaller spans of 100 to 135 ft.[2]
As originally built, the first bridge carried a six-lane (two London-bound, two coast-bound, two
Various safety improvements were also implemented across the original bridge, including new steel crash barriers, in late 2006.[4] On 29 May 2013, the M2 celebrated its 50th anniversary.[1] During the summer of 2019, eleven closures of the bridge over the course of three months were necessitated while work to repair multiple bridge joints across the structure was underway.[5]
Second motorway viaduct
Completed during 2003, the second motorway bridge is the newest of the three crossings that traverse the River Medway at this point. It was built as part of the M2 widening project, the structure being located south of the original bridge.
As a result of the new motorway viaduct's completion, the formation of the M2 motorway crossing was changed; the layout of the original bridge being reordered into three coast-bound lanes, along with a
Railway viaduct
The western bridge carries High Speed 1 (HS1), the high-speed rail link that connects London with the Channel Tunnel.
The rail viaduct is a 1.3 km (0.81 mi) long structure that spans the River Medway, Wouldham Road and Burham Roads in Borstal. It is a multi-span structure, with typical approach spans of 40.5 m (133 ft), while the central navigation span had a length of 152 m (499 ft). On account of the central span having been designed with a balanced cantilever approach, this necessitated the use of certain techniques in its construction, which included the launching of the side spans in an incremental fashion from both the east and west abutments using a series of hydraulic rams. To withstand this, the bridge deck sections were fabricated using bonded prestressing construction; when positioned correctly, these sections cantilever together, aided by external prestressing for its continuity.[7]
The substructure consists of reinforced concrete pier columns that are supported upon bored piles. One distinct feature of the columns is that they are in a "V" shape, which provide greater lateral support and stability, particularly in the event of two high-speed trains deploying their emergency brakes at high speeds while traversing the structure. The structure was designed with several unique features so it could properly accommodate rail movements, including articulation and numerous movement joints.[7] It was also designed to give a broadly similar appearance to the existing viaducts where they run parallel to one another, which includes matching spans and profiles.[8]
In 2003, it was awarded the
The rail viaduct has been described as being a leading piece of civil engineering for the new line, and has become a prominent symbol of it. On 30 July 2003, a specially formed Eurostar train crossed the viaduct and in to the Nashenden Valley at 208 mph (335 km/h), an occurrence that established a new speed record on the British railway network.[11][12] In advance of the tenth anniversary of this record-breaking run, a plaque was placed at a nearby vantage point overlooking the railway viaduct.
References
Citations
- ^ a b "Anniversary". Highways Agency. 29 May 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Cox, Lynn (11 November 2020). "Look back at the history of one of Kent's motorways - the M2". kentonline.co.uk.
- ISSN 1478-4637.
- ^ "A21 Medway Viaduct - Safety improvements". wired-gov.net. 19 September 2006.
- ^ Chessum, Victoria (14 January 2019). "The M2 diversions drivers need to take as Medway Viaduct repairs close the road near Rochester". kentlive.news.
- ^ "A2M2 Medway Viaduct, UK" (PDF). rmd.cl. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ )
- ^ Collis 2003, p. 124.
- ^ "Award". Flint Neill. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ISSN 0965-089X.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ "Speed record". BBC News. 30 July 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
- ^ "Channel Tunnel Rail Link (HS1)". vinci-construction-projets.com. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
Bibliography
- Collis, Hugh. "Transport, Engineering and Architecture." Gulf Professional Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-7506-7748-1.