Meghadūta
Meghadūta (
About the poem
A poem of 120, where his wife awaits his return.
In Sanskrit literature, the poetic conceit used in the Meghaduta spawned the genre of
In 1813, the poem was first translated into
The great scholar of Sanskrit literature, Arthur Berriedale Keith, wrote of this poem: "It is difficult to praise too highly either the brilliance of the description of the cloud’s progress or the pathos of the picture of the wife sorrowful and alone. Indian criticism has ranked it highest among Kalidasa’s poems for brevity of expression, richness of content, and power to elicit sentiment, and the praise is not undeserved."[5]
An excerpt is quoted in Canadian director Deepa Mehta's film, Water. The poem was also the inspiration for Gustav Holst's The Cloud Messenger Op. 30 (1909–10).
Simon Armitage appears to reference Meghaduta in his poem ‘Lockdown’.
It is believed the picturesque Ramtek near Nagpur inspired Kalidasa to write the poem.[6]
Visualisation of Meghadūta
Meghadūta describes several scenes and is a rich source of inspiration for many artists.
An example are the drawings by Nana Joshi.[7]
Composer
Influence
Indian filmmaker Debaki Bose adapted the play into a 1945 film titled Meghdoot.[9]
See also
- Mandākrāntā metre
- Hamsa-Sandesha
- Sanskrit literature
- Sanskrit drama
- Sandesh Rasak
- Sandesa Kavya
- Ashadh Ka Ek Din
Editions
- Wilson, Horace Hayman (1813). The Mégha Dúta, Or, Cloud Messenger: A Poem, in the Sanscrit Language. Calcutta: College of Fort William. Retrieved 11 November 2010.. 2nd ed 1843 Introduction, text with English verse translation, and assorted footnotes.
- Johann Gildemeister, ed. (1841), Kalidasae Meghaduta et Cringaratilaka ex recensione: additum est glossarium, H.B. König. Kalidasae Meghaduta et Çringaratilaka: additum est glossariumMeghaduta ; et, Çringaratilaka Sanskrit text, with introduction and some critical notes in Latin.
- The Megha-dūta (3 ed.), Trübner & co., 1867 With Sanskrit text, English translation and more extensive notes separately.
- Colonel H. A. Ouvry (1868), The Megha dūta: or, Cloud messenger, Williams and Norgate The Megha Dūta: Or, Cloud Messenger. A prose translation.
- Ludwig Fritze (1879), Meghaduta, E. Schmeitzner. German translation.
- The Megha duta; or, Cloud messenger: a poem, in the Sanscrit language, Upendra Lal Das, 1890. Hayman's translation, with notes and translation accompanying the Sanskrit text.
- Exhaustive notes on the Meghaduta, Bombay: D.V. Sadhale & Co., 1895 Exhaustive Notes on the Meghaduta: Comprising Various Readings, the Text with the Commentary of .... Text with Mallinātha's commentary Sanjīvanī. Separate sections for English translation, explanation of Sanskrit phrases, and other notes.
- Eugen Hultzsch, ed. (1911), Kalidasa's Meghaduta: Edited from manuscripts With the Commentary of Vallabhadeva and Provided With a Complete Sanskrit-English Vocabulary, Royal Asiatic society, London Kalidasa's Meghaduta
- T. Ganapati Sastri, ed. (1919), Meghaduta with the commentary of Daksinavartanatha
- Sri sesaraj Sarma Regmi, ed. (1964), Meghadutam of mahakavi Kalidasa (in Sanskrit and Hindi), chowkhmba vidybhavan varanasi-1
- Ramakrishna Rajaram Ambardekar, ed. (1979), Rasa structure of the Meghaduta - A critical study of Kalidaas's Meghaduta in the light of Bharat's Rasa Sootra (in English and Sanskrit)
Translations
The Meghadūta has been translated many times in many Indian languages.
- The Bengali poet Buddhadeva Bose translated Meghadūta into Bengali in 1957.
- Dr. Jogindranath Majumdar translated Meghaduta in Bengali keeping its original 'Mandakranta Metre' for the first time published in 1969
- Acharya Dharmanand Jamloki Translated Meghduta in Garhwali and was well known for his work.
- Bhojpuri Language.
- Many Nepali poets such as Jiwanath Updhyaya Adhikari, Shiva Kumar Pradhan, Biswa Raj Adhikari have translated Meghduta in Nepali language[10]
- Mukhathala G.Arjunan translated Meghaduta in Malayalam keeping its original 'Mandakranta Metre'
- Bahasa Malaysiaprose form in Thirukkural dan Megha Duta (2018)
References
- ^ "Meghdutam". Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ Korada, Ramachandra Sastri (1917). Ghanavritham.
- ^ Pathak, K. B. (1916), Kalidasa's Meghaduta, pp. xxi–xxvii.
- ^ Wilson (1813), page xxi.
- ^ Keith, A. B. (1928). A History of Sanskrit Literature, p. 86.
- ^ "History | District Nagpur,Government of Maharashtra | India". Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ^ Joshi, Nana. "A Visual Interpretation of Kalidas' Meghadūta". Joshi Artist. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
- ^ "Alfred Momotenko-Levitsky, composer". www.alfredmomotenko.com.
- ISBN 978-0-948911-40-8.
- ^ Monica (23 April 2018). "Writer Pradhan passes away". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
External links
- Text
- Translations
- Translation by Arthur W. Ryder at The Internet Sacred Text Archive
- Translation by C. John Holcombe (Available as ebook)
- Partial text of the Megadhuta, with word-for-word translation
- Illustrated translation by Jaffor Ullah and Joanna Kirkpatrick
- A literal prose translation Translating Kalidasa with examples from Meghaduta.
- Megadhuta in Garhwali Translation by Acharya Dharmanand Jamloki.
- Recordings
- Dr. Bipin Kumar Jha. Chanted recitation.
- Sung to music composed by Vishwa Mohan Bhatt. (Also here)
- Recitation of first verse by Sangeeta Gundecha. (Two other verses, 1.5 and 2.26, are recited from minute 5:50 onwards.)
- About the work
- Illustrating the Meghaduta: "Illustrated catalogue of the plants and trees of Kalidasa’s Meghaduta".
- A summary by Chandra Holm
- Notes on issues in translation by Holcombe
- A Review of a book of translation.