Merrie England (opera)
Merrie England is an English
The piece played at the Savoy Theatre in London in 1902–1903. It has been revived many times, both professionally and by amateur operatic groups. There have been complete recordings of the score and several issues of recorded excerpts.
Background and original production
Basil Hood's libretto makes heavy use of wordplay for comic (and dramatic) effect. For example, the
The poem in Act One giving the A to Z of
The music is an example of the style of English light opera made famous in the 1870s and 1880s by Gilbert and Sullivan. It features a prominent chorus and a range of principal numbers including
The opera opened at the Savoy Theatre in London on 2 April 1902, under the management of William Greet, and ran for 120 performances, closing on 30 July 1902. The piece then toured while the Kitty Loftus Company played at the Savoy. The production reopened at the Savoy on 24 November 1902 for 56 additional performances, ending on 17 January 1903. It starred Henry Lytton, Louie Pounds, Rosina Brandram, Robert Evett and Walter Passmore, among other regulars of the Savoy.[1]
Roles
Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, (Conductor: Hamish MacCunn) |
---|---|---|
Sir Walter Raleigh | tenor | Robert Evett |
The Earl of Essex | bass
|
Henry A. Lytton
|
Walter Wilkins, a player in Shakespeare's Company | baritone | Walter Passmore |
Silas Simkins, another Player | baritone | Mark Kinghorne |
Long Tom, Royal Forester | baritone | E. Torrence |
Big Ben, Royal Forester | bass | R. Compton |
The Queen's Fool | George Mudie, Jnr | |
A butcher | bass | Powis Pinder |
A baker | tenor | J. Boddy |
A tinker | baritone | Rudolph Lewis
|
A tailor | tenor | Robert Rous |
A lord | baritone | Charles Childerstone |
A soldier | Lewis Campion | |
First royal page | L. Emery | |
Second royal page | Ela Q. May | |
Bessie Throckmorton | soprano | Agnes Fraser |
"Jill-All-Alone" | mezzo-soprano | Louie Pounds |
Queen Elizabeth | contralto | Rosina Brandram |
The May Queen | mezzo-soprano | Joan Keddie/Olive Rae |
Marjory | Winifred Hart-Dyke | |
Kate | contralto | Alice Coleman |
Lady-in-waiting | Rose Rosslyn | |
Chorus of lords, ladies, townsfolk, and soldiers |
Synopsis
Two versions of the plot exist: Hood's original from 1902 and a revised one by
Act One
During the May Day festival, the May Queen is crowned with "roses white and roses red ... the flowers of Merrie England". Her two guards are introduced – Long Tom and Big Ben – who are brothers identical in all but one thing. The "little difference between them" is that Big Ben (like the other men in Windsor) loves the May Queen, while Long Tom loves Jill (known as Jill-All-Alone). Jill is accused of being a witch by the jealous May Queen and is shunned by the townsfolk.
Bessie Throckmorton, one of Queen Elizabeth's ladies-in-waiting, and
Queen Elizabeth enters with much ceremony. Long Tom pleads for the Queen's protection of Jill-All-Alone from the townsfolk's persecution. The Queen asks Jill whether she believes she is a witch. Jill replies with the paradox that if she were a witch, she would know more than the townfolk. Therefore, she cannot be a witch, as she would know (as the townsfolk seem to) that she is a witch if she were. She declares that love will pass the Queen by. This insult angers the Queen, who joins with the villagers in condemning Jill as a witch, locking her away in Windsor Castle to be burned for witchcraft. Essex hands the Queen Raleigh's love letter, which she initially mistakes to be meant for her. Raleigh gallantly admits that the letter is in fact meant for Bessie Throckmorton. The Queen is so incensed that she banishes Raleigh from Court and imprisons Bessie in Windsor Castle.
Act Two
Jill has managed to escape with Bessie, using a secret passage out of the castle. The Queen asks an apothecary (her jester in disguise) to concoct a poison which she will administer to Bessie. Wilkins works at length on a stage version of the story of
Eventually the Queen is persuaded to allow Raleigh and Bessie to love each other freely, choosing Essex instead for herself after seeing an apparition of Herne the Hunter, who, according to legend, appears only when a sovereign contemplates a crime. The whole court takes part in a reenactment of Robin Hood's wedding to Maid Marian. Everyone takes roles closely related to their part in the opera; for example, Raleigh becomes Robin to Bessie's Marian.
Musical numbers
- Introduction (Includes "Hey, Jolly Robin", the Rustic Dance, and the Jig)
Act I
- 1. "Sing A Down, A Down, A Down" (Chorus with May Queen and Butcher)
- 2. "We Are Two Proper Men" (Long Tom and Big Ben with Chorus)
- 3. "Oh! Where The Deer Do Lie" (Jill with Chorus)
- 4. "I Do Counsel That Your Playtime" (Wilkins with Chorus)
- 5. "That Every Jack Should Have A Jill" (Raleigh with Chorus)
- 6. "Love Is Meant To Make Us Glad" (May Queen, Kate, Raleigh, Wilkins, and Long Tom)
- 7. "She Had A Letter From Her Love" (Bessie)
- 8. "When True Love Hath Found A Man" (Raleigh and Bessie)
- 9. "When A Man Is A Lover" (Wilkins, Simkins, and Essex)
- 10. "Who Were The Yeomen of England, The Yeomen of England" (Essex with Chorus)
- 11. Entrance of Queen Elizabeth/"God Save Elizabeth" (Chorus)
- 12. "O Peaceful England" (Elizabeth with Chorus)
- 13. "King Neptune Sat on His Lonely Throne" (Wilkins with Chorus)
- 14. Finale (Ensemble)
Act II
- 15. "The Month o' May Has Come Today" (Chorus with Jill)
- 16. "In England, Merrie England" (Bessie, Jill, Big Ben, Long Tom)
- 17. "The Sun in the Heaven Is High" (Simkins, the Tailor, and the Butcher with Chorus)
- 18. "The Big Brass Band" (Wilkins and Simkins with Chorus)
- 19. "It Is the Merry Month of May" (Jill and Raleigh)
- 20. "The Queen o' May Is Crowned Today" (Chorus)
- 20a. Rustic Dance
- 21. "Dan Cupid Hath a Garden" (Raleigh)
- 22. "Two Merry Men a-Drinking" (Ensemble)
- 22a. Exit of Chorus
- 23. "O Who Shall Say That Love Is Cruel?" (Bessie)
- 24. "When Cupid First This Old World Trod" (Essex with Bessie, Jill, and Raleigh)
- 25. "Perhaps You Don't Imagine" (Wilkins)*
- 26. Masque of St. George and the Dragon (Egyptian Dance)
- 27. "Oh! Here's a To-Do to Die To-day" (Chorus with Wilkins as King)
- 28. Finale (Ensemble)
- *Omitted by German during the first run, but printed in the vocal score.
Revivals and recordings
The opera became popular in Britain and was often performed by amateur groups in the decades following its premiere. In
Merrie England was recorded complete with its composer conducting, issued by HMV in 1918 on ten double-faced 12-inch 78 rpm records (20 sides). A recording of selections from the piece was made in 1931 on the Columbia label, with Clarence Raybould conducting "Under the Supervision" of the composer.[5] Since then a few more complete recordings have been made, including an HMV set in 1960, and individual songs from Merrie England have been recorded many times.
The piece has fallen into relative obscurity in recent decades, although anniversaries such as that of the
See also
- English rose (personal description)(an expression used in this opera)
- Merry England (an idealised, mythological conception of pastoral English life)
References
- ^ "Merrie England Programme", The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, accessed 19 October 2010
- ^ "Luton Hoo reverts to Merrie England with Douglas Fairbanks Jnr", Bedford Today, 9 June 2012, accessed 7 May 2017
- ^ "Pageant Big Success, Striking Scenes at Luton Hoo: Glittering Panorama of Light and Colour". Luton News and Bedfordshire Chronicle. 11 June 1953. p. 7.(subscription required)
- ^ "Luton's Merrie England". The Stage. 14 May 1953.(subscription required)
- ^ "Edward German: Merrie England", Internet Archive, accessed 19 November 2010
- ^ Catchpole, Kevin. Merrie England, The British Theatre Guide, accessed 8 March 2012
- ^ Foster, Ian. "Merrie England – Finborough Theatre, London", ThePublicReviews, 29 May 2012
External links
- Merrie England at The Edward German Discography
- Merrie England at the Gilbert and Sullivan Archive
- Libretto
- Merrie England at the IMSLP
- Review of a recording of the opera Raymond Walker, retrieved on 24 July 2006
- Profile of the opera with photographs of the Sadler's Wells production
- Programme from the original production
- Photos from a 1911 production