Metropolitan Borough of Hackney
Hackney | |
---|---|
Hackney within the historic County of London | |
History | |
• Origin | Hackney parish |
• Created | 1900 |
• Abolished | 1965 |
• Succeeded by | London Borough of Hackney |
Status | Metropolitan borough |
Government | Hackney Borough Council |
• HQ | Mare Street |
• Motto | Justitia Turris Nostra (Justice is our tower) |
Arms of the borough council | |
Map of borough boundary |
The Metropolitan Borough of Hackney was a metropolitan borough of the County of London from 1900 to 1965. Its area became part of the London Borough of Hackney.
Formation and boundaries
The borough was one of twenty-eight metropolitan boroughs created by the London Government Act 1899. It was the successor to the vestry of the parish of Hackney, which had been the local authority since 1894. Between 1855 and 1894 the parish had been administered with Stoke Newington as the Hackney District.[1]
The boundaries of Hackney with the neighbouring boroughs were adjusted slightly in 1900: Hackney gained the east side of Bethune Road from
The metropolitan borough included the districts of
, and the entire eastern side of Stoke Newington High Street.Population and area
The metropolitan borough was almost coterminous with the ancient parish of Hackney. Statistics were compiled by the London County Council in 1901 to show population growth in London over the preceding century.
The area of the borough in 1901 was 3,289 acres (13.3 km2). The populations recorded in National Censuses were:
Hackney Vestry 1801–1899
Year[3] | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 12,730 | 16,771 | 22,494 | 31,047 | 37,771 | 53,589 | 76,687 | 115,110 | 163,681 | 198,606 |
Metropolitan Borough 1900–1961
Year[4] | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 219,272 | 222,533 | 222,142 | 215,333 | [5] | 171,342 | 171,342 |
By comparison, after amalgamation with Shoreditch and Stoke Newington, to form the modern London Borough of Hackney, the combined area became 19.06 km² - approximately 4,710 acres (19.1 km2); in 2005, this had a population of 207,700,[6] or a population density of 10,900/km². In 1901 Hackney the population density was 16,475/km².
Politics
Incorporated vestry
Under the
The Hackney Vestry was controlled by the Progressive Party, the grouping linked with the parliamentary
In 1894 as its population had increased the incorporated vestry was re-divided into eight wards (electing
Borough council
The London Government Act 1899 replaced the incorporated vestries with borough councils consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors. All councillors were to be elected every three years. There was one alderman for every six councillors, and these were elected by the council itself.
Boundary commissioners were appointed under the London Government Act 1899 to divide the new boroughs into wards, and to apportion councillors to each ward. It was decided to continue to use the eight vestry wards. The Moderates claimed that Stamford Hill and West Hackney wards were under-represented and should be given nine councillors, with the remaining six wards having six each.[11] In the event, the commissioners apportioned 60 councillors between the eight wards: Clapton Park, Hackney, Homerton and Stamford Hill having nine councillors and Downs, Kingsland, South and West wards having six a piece. With 10 aldermen, the borough council thus had 70 members.[1]
1900–1919
The boundary changes seem to have favoured the Moderates, as at the first elections to the council on 1 November 1900 they won a majority with 37 seats to 18 won by the Liberal Party and Progressives, with 3 independent Conservative and 2 independent councillors also returned.[12] At the next election in 1903 the Progressives won control with 49 seats to 11 Conservatives.[13] Three years later the Conservatives ran under the Municipal Reform label. Municipal Reformers won 18 seats and independents supported by them won 20, giving them a majority over the Progressives with 22 seats.[14] The Progressives regained the council in 1909 with a narrow majority, losing power to the Municipal Reform party again in 1912.[15]
1919–1937
The next elections,
1937–1965
In 1937 the borough's ward boundaries were redrawn: sixteen wards were created (Chatham, Culford, Dalston, Downs, Graham, Leaside, Marsh, Maury, Park, Ridley, Southwold, Springfield, Stamford, Town Hall, Tudor and Wick), each represented by three councillors. To the forty-eight councillors thus elected were added 8 aldermen.
Parliament constituency
For elections to Parliament, the borough was divided into three constituencies:
In 1950 the borough's representation was reduced to one and a half seats, when part of it was merged with Stoke Newington:
In 1955 the borough's representation was reduced to one and two half seats, when another part of it was merged with Bethnal Green:
Coat of arms
The seal of the Hackney Vestry bore a representation of St Augustine's Tower, the remains of the 13th-century parish church. When the metropolitan borough was formed in 1900, the vestry seal was altered by the addition of the Latin motto Justitia Turris Nostra or Justice is our tower.[24]
In January 1924 the borough council resolved to seek a formal grant of armorial bearings from the College of Arms. These were duly made by letters patent dated 31 May 1924.[24] The arms were blazoned as follows:
Per fesse, the chief per pale gules and per fesse Sable and Argent, and the base barry wavy of six Argent and Azure, in the dexter chief a representation of the Hackney Tower proper and in the sinister chief a Maltese Cross per fesse Argent and Gules.
Crest: On a Wreath of the Colours a representation of the Hackney Tower Or.[24][25]
The "Hackney Tower" appeared in the upper portion of the shield, and formed the crest, placed on a helm and mantling. The 1900 motto was also retained. The
These arms gave much inspiration to the coat of arms of the London Borough of Hackney when the London borough was created in 1965.
Town hall
The borough council was initially based in a "French-Italian" style town hall in Hackney Grove, dating from 1866. The building was extended in 1898.[1] A new Art Deco town hall in Mare Street was begun in 1934, and opened in 1937. It is now the headquarters of the London Borough of Hackney.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e T F T Baker, ed. (1995). "Hackney: Local Government". A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney. British History Online. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
- ^ T F T Baker, ed. (1995). "Hackney: Introduction". A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney. British History Online. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
- ^ Statistical Abstract for London, 1901 (Vol. IV).
- ^ Hackney MetB: Census Tables at Vision of Britain accessed on 14 Dec 2006
- ^ The census was suspended for World War II
- ^ 2005 estimate
- ^ The London Gazette Issue: 21802. 20 October 1855. pp. 3905–3907. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ^ "H.M.S.O. Boundary Commission Report 1885 Hackney Map". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ^ The London Gazette Issue: 26542. 14 August 1894. pp. 4713–4715. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ^ The London Gazette Issue: 26563. 23 October 1894. p. 5937. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ^ "The New London Boroughs". The Times. 3 April 1900. p. 6.
- ^ The London borough elections, The Times, November 3, 1900, p.14
- ^ London borough council elections, The Times November 4, 1903
- ^ London borough council elections, The Times, November 3, 1906
- ^ London borough council elections, The Times November 3, 1909; The London borough elections, The Times, November 4, 1912
- ^ Borough council elections - Extensive Labour gains, The Times, November 4, 1919
- ^ Labour rout in London, The Times, November 3, 1922; The borough elections, a slight Labour advance, November 4, The Times, 1925
- ^ The municipal elections, The Times, November 3, 1928
- ^ The borough elections – Labour routed, The Times, November 4, 1931
- ^ The municipal elections – more Labour gains in London, The Times, November 3, 1934
- ^ The new London councils – state of parties, The Times, November 3, 1937
- ^ The Municipal Elections - Results in London Boroughs, The Times, November 3, 1945; More councils won by conservatives – Heavy Labour losses in London, The Times, May 14, 1949
- ^ The municipal elections, Changes in London boroughs, The Times, May 9, 1953; Labour gains in London poll, The Times, May 12, 1956; Borough elections – London results, The Times, May 9, 1959; Election results in the boroughs, The Times, May 11, 1962
- ^ a b c d Crossley, Richard (1928). London's Coats of Arms and the Stories They Tell. London: Robert Scott. pp. 100–103.
- ^ a b Beningfield, T J (1964). London 1900-1964. Armorial bearings and regalia of the London County Council, The Corporation of London and The Metropolitan Boroughs. London: Ed J Burrow & Co. Ltd. pp. 89–91.
Further reading
- Robert Donald, ed. (1907). "London: Hackney". Municipal Year Book of the United Kingdom for 1907. London: Edward Lloyd.