Mirror of the Times
| Type | Weekly African American newspaper | |
|---|---|---|
| Publisher | State Executive Committee | |
| Founded | between 1855 and 1857 | |
| Ceased publication | c. 1858 | |
| Headquarters | San Francisco, California, U.S. | |
| Sister newspapers | OCLC number 10103020 | |
The Mirror of the Times was an
Foundation
The Mirror of the Times was founded by Jonas H. Townsend and
Publication
The paper was written for both black and white audiences, and it reported news in both the essay and
The paper circulated throughout the western United States.[9]
Dissolution
Gibbs moved to British Columbia in 1858, and Townsend moved to New York around the same time.[3] Gibbs became the first black judge in the United States, and Townsend became a secretary in the French diplomatic mission in Haiti.[10] The paper likely dissolved that year.[3] According to historians James A. Fisher and Philip M. Montesano, it was the first African American newspaper in the state,[11] and Snorgrass writes that it was the first in the entirety of the West Coast.[2] By 1973, only two issues – August 1857 and December 1857 – had been located.[12] It was succeeded by the Pacific Appeal, another African American newspaper in San Francisco.[13]
See also
- African Americans in California
- List of African-American newspapers in California
References
- ^ Snorgrass 1981, pp. 306, 317.
- ^ a b Snorgrass 1981, p. 306.
- ^ a b c d e Snorgrass 1981, p. 307.
- ^ Bell 1967, p. 157.
- ^ Snorgrass 1981, pp. 306–307.
- ^ a b Fisher 1969, p. 318.
- ^ Hutton 1993, p. 147.
- ^ Wheeler 1993, p. 142.
- ^ Katz 1971, p. 136.
- ^ Wheeler 1993, pp. 123, 277.
- ^ Fisher 1969, p. 317; Montesano 1973, p. 147.
- ^ Montesano 1973, p. 152.
- ^ Hutton 1993, p. 161.
Bibliography
- Bell, Howard H. (1967). "Negroes in California, 1849–1859". Phylon. 28 (2): 151–160.
- Fisher, James A. (December 1969). "The struggle for negro testimony in California, 1851–1863". Southern California Quarterly. 51 (4): 313–324.
- Hutton, Frankie (1993). The early black press in America, 1827 to 1860. Contributions in Afro-American and African Studies. ISBN 9780313286964.
- Katz, William Loren (1971). The black West (first ed.). Doubleday.
- Montesano, Philip M. (1973). "San Francisco black churches in the early 1860s: Political pressure group". California Historical Quarterly. 52 (2): 145–152.
- Snorgrass, J. William (1981). "The black press in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1856–1990". California History. 60 (4): 306–317.
- Wheeler, B. Gordon (1993). Black California: The history of African-Americans in the Golden State. ISBN 9780781800747.