Mitotic cell rounding
Mitotic cell rounding is a shape change that occurs in most
Early observations
In 1935, one of the first published accounts of mitotic rounding in live tissue described cell rounding in the
Significance
For a long time it was not clear why cells became round in mitosis. Recent studies in the
- Firstly, mitotic cell rounding in combination with maintenance of apical cell-cell junctions appears to be necessary for correct apoptotic cell death.[5]
- Secondly, mitotic rounding has been proposed to be a driver for morphological events during tissue development. Examples include epithelial invagination of the Drosophila melanogaster tracheal placode[6] and the anisotropic shape and growth of the inner ear lumen in Zebrafish.[7]
- Thirdly, mitotic rounding has been shown to be important to generate sufficient space and appropriate geometry for proper mitotic spindle function, which is necessary for timely and accurate progression through mitosis.[2][8][9]
Thus, mitotic cell rounding is involved in tissue organization and homeostasis.
Mechanisms
To understand the physical mechanisms of how cells round up in mitosis, researchers have conducted mechanical measurements with cultured cells
In similar in vitro experiments, it was found that the threshold forces required to prevent mitosis are in excess of 100 nN.[9] At threshold forces the cell suffers a loss of cortical F-actin uniformity, which further amplifies the susceptibility to applied force. These effects potentiate distortion of cell dimensions and subsequent perturbation of mitotic progression via spindle defects.[8][9]
Release of stable
Apart from actomyosin-related genes, several disease genes have recently been implicated in mitotic cell rounding. These include Parkinson’s disease associated DJ-1/Park7 and FAM134A/RETREG2.[19]
References
- S2CID 84960254.
- ^ PMID 24780736.
- PMID 21376598.
- PMID 21336301.
- ^ S2CID 4418619.
- S2CID 205232184.
- ^ PMID 26077034.
- ^ PMID 23623611.
- ^ PMID 26305930.
- ^ S2CID 4425308.
- ^ S2CID 5208968.
- PMID 12538643.
- PMID 18207738.
- PMID 22898780.
- ^ PMID 25169063.
- S2CID 3175608.
- PMID 19638416.
- PMID 21630140.
- PMID 29097687.
External links
- "Qucosa: The Mechanics of Mitotic Cell Rounding". qucosa.de. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
- "ETH ETH E-Collection: The Mechanism of Mitotic Rounding: Role of the Actomyosin Cortex — ETH". e-collection.library.ethz.ch. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
- "Two Minute Talk: Mitotic Cell Rounding — YouTube". youtube.com. Retrieved 2015-07-04.