Mittenwald Railway
Innsbruck–Garmisch-Partenkirchen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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standard gauge | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minimum radius | 200 m (660 ft) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrification | 15 kV/16.7 Hz AC overhead catenary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating speed | 120 km/h (74.6 mph) 70 (max) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum incline | 3.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Mittenwald Railway (
, Germany).The Mittenwald railway was built as an electric local railway from 1910 to 1912 by the engineers and contractors Josef Riehl and Wilhelm Carl von Doderer. The route was opened on 28 October 1912
Geography
The Mittenwald railway runs mainly in the south-north direction between several mountain ranges of the
From there it runs between the Karwendel range to the east and the Wetterstein range to the west over the Scharnitz pass and the Austria-Germany border to Mittenwald; at the Scharnitz pass it runs for a short distance along the upper reaches of the Isar river. It then bends to the west, running to Garmisch-Partenkirchen between the Wetterstein range to the south and the Ester Mountains to the north.
The most remarkable thing about the route of the Mittenwald Railway is the long section with many tunnels along the edge of the Martinswand (Martin’s wall), a rock face between Kranebitten and Hochzirl station, including the passage of the Martinswand Tunnel (1810.23 m) through the rock wall; it is the longest tunnel on the line. Slightly northwest of Hochzirl, the line runs over the southern flank of the Rauenkopf and southwestern flank of the Brunstkopf, crossing the Schlossbach on an elongated hairpin built with bridges and tunnels. Not far southwest of the bend, it passed the Zirl mountain.
History
The engineer and contractor Josef Riehl had already presented a proposal in the late 1880s to the Austrian ministry of trade and economics (
When Riehl finally received the approval of the authorities for the construction of the Mittenwald line on the
In terms of its length, the Mittenwald railway was a very expensive rail project due to its many tunnels. It was planned from the beginning that it would be electrified. To supply the power needed, a hydroelectric power station was constructed on the Ruetz river near Stephansbrücke (Stephen's bridge) in the Stubai valley, with two turbines each delivering 4000 horsepower. As a result of the extension of the line into Bavaria, that section of the line was supplied with power from the Walchensee power station, which was finished by 1924. Despite the difficulties, the section of the Mittenwald railway on the territory of Austria-Hungary was built in the remarkably short time of about two years.
The Bavarian section between Garmisch and Mittenwald goes back to a request in 1896 by the council of Mittenwald for Lokalbahn AG of Munich to develop a project for the continuation of the Murnau–Garmisch-Partenkirchen local railway (Localbahn Murnau–Garmisch–Partenkirchen) to Mittenwald.[4]
This route was opened on 1 July 1912, however, in contradiction to the plan, it was at first operated with steam locomotives, as neither the power station nor the electric locomotives were ready. On the Austrian side it was electrically operated from 28 October 1912. Operations in Bavaria switched to electric traction on 25 April 1913.
During the Second World War, the steep gradient and the short stations prevented much involvement in supplying the military. In 1945, the Mittenwald Railway was judged by the Allies to be strategically important, and a total of six air raids were flown against the Gurglbach Viaduct. The Inn bridge in Innsbruck was also repeatedly the target of air raids.
In 1950 during the winter there was an avalanche at the Martinswand siding, during which a locomotive was completely buried. The railway was reopened with the help of French occupation troops. In 1968 the site was made safe from avalanches by the construction of a protective roof.
With the holding of the
Rail operations ran smoothly during the 1976 Olympic Winter Games, just as they did during the 1985 Nordic World Ski Championships in Seefeld.
in the 1980s, when many streets in Innsbruck were widened, it was necessary to raise the line where it passes through Innsbruck, especially by building new bridges.
Route
The Mittenwald Railway follows a bold route, planned by the pioneering railway engineer, Josef Riehl. The Mittenwald line crosses the Inn on a steel bridge and runs through the city of Innsbruck as an elevated line to the west and north of Innsbruck West station.
In March 1910 the first sod was turned at the legendary Martinswand cliff. The abrupt transition from the Inn valley to the Martinswand and the Schlossbach valley presented the biggest challenges. The line crosses the Schlossbach at an altitude of about 60 m above the water level over an iron arch truss bridge with a length of 66 m. The Finstertal Viaduct was built on the karst slope of the Hechenberg (mountain). A hangviadukt ("slope viaduct", that is a viaduct built on a slope, requiring much higher supports on the down side that on the up side) was built in the Schlossbach graben. The Kaiserstand Viaduct was built beneath the ruins of Fragenstein. The Gurgelbach Viaduct was built near Reith and the Isar Bridge was built near Scharnitz.
Many bridges are similar in size to bridges on the
The construction of the tunnels in the Martinswand was particularly difficult and a 17 km long high voltage line had to be built from Innsbruck just for the operation of the machinery. Diesel locomotives brought the rock to dumps. The ingress of water stopped the construction work on the western side of the tunnels and an electric pumping plant had to be installed. The barracks on the eastern side had to be built far below the steep edge due to the lack of space. A funicular railway had to be built to transport workers and materials from the Inn to the site.
The smallest radius of curvature of the Mittenwald Railway is 200 m. The maximum gradient of 3.8 percent is significantly greater than the 3.1 percent of the
At Innsbruck West station the line branches off from the Arlberg Railway and reaches in Hötting its lowest point of 580 m above sea level. Its highest point on the Seefeld saddle is at 1,184 m above sea level. This difference in altitude is achieved over 19.2 km of line. After this the line descends at up to 3.0 percent to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, where it connects to the line via
Operations
Trains
The Mittenwald railway mainly serves regional and tourist traffic; international long-distance traffic usually uses the Munich–Innsbruck route via
Notes
- ISBN 978-3-89494-138-3.
- ^ "Die Eröffnung der Mittenwalderbahn". Innsbrucker Nachrichten (in German). No. 248. Austrian National Library. 28 October 1912. pp. 8 f. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
- ^ "Gazetted notice". Reichsgesetzblatt (in German). No. 1910/127. Austrian National Library. 12 July 1910. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
- ^ "Aus den Alpen. (...) Bahnproject Garmisch-Mittenwald". Der Alpenfreund (in German) (6). Austrian National Library: 61. 6 January 1896. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
References
- Joseph Riehl (1902). Allgemeines über die Innsbruck-Mittenwalderbahn (Scharnitzerbahn). Vortrag im technischen Club Innsbruck am 3. Februar 1902 (in German). Innsbruck: Buchdruckerei Edlinger (Austrian National Library). Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Joseph Riehl (1903). Vischgauer und Fernbahn in Beziehung zur Scharnitzer-Linie. Vortrag (in German). Innsbruck: Wagner (Austrian National Library). Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Joseph Riehl (1910). "Die Mittenwalder Bahn". Der Naturfreund (in German). 14. Austrian National Library: 102. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Josef Ernst Langhans (1912). "Karwendelbahn. München – Starnberg – Murnau – Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Mittenwald – Innsbruck, Murnau – Oberammergau". Hendschels Luginsland (in German). 30. Frankfurt am Main: Hendschel (Austrian National Library). Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Narciss Lechner (1912). Die Karwendelbahn. (Lindau – Ulm – Kempten) Reutte – Lermoos – Ehrwald – Garmisch-Partenkirchen, (Augsburg – München) Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Mittenwald – Scharnitz – Seefeld – Innsbruck (in German). Innsbruck: Wagner (Austrian National Library). Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Montanus (1910). "Mittenwaldbahn. Alte und neue Menschendinge aus Bayern-Österreich". Der Naturfreund (in German). 14. Austrian National Library: 145–153. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Karl Innerebner, Heinrich von Ficker. Die Mittenwaldbahn. Innsbruck – Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Reutte. Schilderungen der Bahn und des Bahngebietes (in German). Vol. 14. Innsbruck 1913: Schwick (Austrian National Library). pp. 145–153. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - Ludwig Th. Jakopp (1913). Die Mittenwaldbahn und ihr Verkehrsgebiet. Praktisches Reisehandbuch für das Verkehrsgebiet der Bahnlinien (in German) (3 ed.). Innsbruck: Deutsche Buchdruckerei (Austrian National Library). Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Wolfgang Krutiak. Mittenwaldbahn. Innsbruck – Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Geschichte, Technik und Landeskunde der Mittenwald- und Außerfernbahn Innsbruck – Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Reutte. 1 Übersichtskarte (in German). Wien 1976: Slezak. ISBN 3-900134-30-8.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link - Johann Stockklausner (1987). "Innsbruck–Garmisch-Partenkirchen–Reutte. Eine Gebirgsbahn wird 75 Jahre alt". Eisenbahn-Journal-Sonderausgabe (in German). 1986, 4. Fürstenfeldbruck: Merker. Archived from the original on 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- Siegfried Bufe (1992). Karwendelbahn München – Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Innsbruck (in German) (Auflage ed.). Egglham: Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag. ISBN 3-922138-45-4.
- Markus Hehl (2001). "Die Karwendel-Bahn". Eisenbahn-Kurier Special (in German). 60. Freiburg (Breisgau): EK-Verlag (Austrian National Library). Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Günter Denoth, ed. (2003). ... Über den Fern. Die Mittenwaldbahn Innsbruck – Garmisch – Reutte ... anlässlich "90 Jahre Ausserfernbahn" 14. September 2003 (in German). Vol. 1. Neugötzens/Innsbruck: Eisenbahntechnische Sonderpublikationen. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- Werner Duschek, Walter Pramstaller (inter alia), ed. (2008). Local- und Straßenbahnen im alten Tirol (in German). Innsbruck: Tiroler Museumsbahnen (self-published).
- Stefan Wölk, ed. (2008). Die Mittenwaldbahn (in German). Vol. 3. Berlin: LOK-Report-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-935909-24-2.
- Stefan Wölk, ed. (2008). Die Nebenstrecken der Mittenwaldbahn (in German). Vol. 4. Berlin: LOK-Report-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-935909-27-3.
External links
- "Die Mittenwaldbahn" (in German). tecneum.eu. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- "KBS 960 - Die Mittenwaldbahn" (in German). mittenwaldbahn.de. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- "Mittenwaldbahn" (in German). bahnarchiv.net. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- "Photographs of the Karwendelbahn" (in German). eisenbahnen.at. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- "100 Jahrfeier der Mittenwaldbahn" (in German). Retrieved 31 January 2012.