Nacional Monte de Piedad

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See also: Montepío (disambiguation)
Nacional Monte de Piedad
Founded1774
HeadquartersMexico City
Websitewww.montepiedad.com.mx/portal/index.html

The Nacional Monte de Piedad is a not-for-profit institution and pawnshop whose main office is located just off the Zócalo, or main plaza of Mexico City. It was commanded to be built between 1774 and 1777 by Don Pedro Romero de Terreros, the Count of Regla as part of a movement to provide interest-free or low-interest loans to the poor. It was recognized as a national charity in 1927 by the Mexican government.[1] Since the first decade of the 21st century it has been a fast-growing institution, with over 200 branches all over Mexico and plans to open a branch in every Mexican city.[2]

Main office

National Monte de Piedad Building off the Zócalo in Mexico City.

The main office is located on the northwest corner of the

Zocalo on the corner of Monte de Piedad and 5 de Mayo Streets. Despite having gone through considerable modifications, it once was part of the estate owned by Hernán Cortés (1485–1547). In the area were the "Old Houses" of Moctezuma II's father, Axayacatl (1453?-1483). At the time of Cortes’ arrival, Moctezuma lived in the "New Houses" across what is now the main plaza where the National Palace now stands. The dimensions of the original residence was so great, extending as far as modern-day Avenida Madero, Isabel la Católica, Calle Tacuba and Monte de Piedad streets, that chronicler Francisco Cervantes de Salazar once stated that it was not a palace, but rather a city itself. Other observers compared the complex to the Cretan labyrinth where the Minotaur was imprisoned. The original structure had two floors and a series of smaller buildings that Cortés rented to traders. The main building used to house the Royal Tribunal and was the residence of two of the early viceroys of New Spain. In 1615, it was divided into lots for sale.[3]

The
Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca, became a chapel and remained so until 1926. Since then, it has been a museum, housing painting by José de Páez from 1775, building decorations from the 18th and 19th centuries, cancellation stamps, paper money and certificates from 1880 and the building's original statues.[1]

This building was extensively remodeled in 1984, with a number of projects. The outside walls of the building were cleaned, refurbishing the wood and ironwork of the portals and balconies, then sealing them against the effects of pollution. Floors, patios and columns were stripped and polished. Protections were placed on each appraiser's window and the art salon was enlarged.[1]

A fire, due to a short circuit, damaged this building on 17 April 2004. It began in the cashiers and appraisers’ rooms where 10 people were working on remodeling project at the time. Fire was seen on the ground and first floors of the building; however, no pawned items were damaged.[5]

The institution

Origins and history

One of the rooms inside the building

The

Church. It spread first through Italy then in other parts of Europe. The first Monte de Piedad organization in Spain was founded in Madrid, and from there the idea was transferred to New Spain by Pedro Romero de Terreros, the Count of Santa María de Regla[6] and Knight of Calatrava.[1]

Terreros (1710–1781) was born in Spain and arrived to Mexico in 1730,

Real del Monte silver mine in the modern-day state of Hidalgo. He founded the Sacro y Real Monte Pío de Animas between 1774 and 1777 with approval of the Spanish king Charles III,[6][7] authorizing him the use of part of the College of Saints Peter and Paul, where the main office is today.[1] Terreros initially funded the project by donating 300,000 pesos of gold. As with other Monte de Piedad institutions, Terrenos's foundation did not charge interest on the loans that it gave and also urged borrowers to make donations to Church institutions, especially the College of Saints Peter and Paul. He also urged borrowers to attend church and pray as a way to help them spiritually as well as financially.[6][7]

One of the colored skylights in the building

Operations began in 1775 in the College of Saints Peter and Paul and where the current main office is now.

Colegio de San Ildefonso, the Monte de Piedad bought the old college structure and its original home from the Duke of Monteleone in 1836.[3][4][6]

After

Puebla, but these closed within a short time. In 1927, by presidential decree, Monte de Piedad was declared legally as an institution of "Beneficiencia Privada" (private charity).[1]

Primary functions

Main hallway of the building

Since its foundation, it has had two unchanged fundamental objectives. The first and foremost is with respect to loans to families with emergency needs, giving the most favorable conditions possible and without considering possible financial gain to the institution. Its first and primary lending strategy is microloans secured through pawned objects.[6][7] However, because the foundation lost significant money in its early years, the governing board decided in 1782 that it was necessary to charge fixed interest.[1] Because they are a charitable organization, they will take items with a value as little as 30 pesos; however, the average loan is about 500 pesos.[8] Most of the pawned items are jewelry and watches but the institution will also take a variety of objects such as cars, domestic appliances and even sheets and linens.[2] However, it has since added some other financial services such as banking services, begun in 1878 and home equity loans, begun in 1997.[6][7]

The second has to do with the money the enterprise does earn. In the past decade[

UDLA, a private university. So far it has donated a total of 900,000 pesos to the fund.[10]

Current operations and growth

One of the rooms inside the building

The institution has become so widespread in the country, especially since the year 2000 that it is popularly referred to as "Tia (Aunt) Piedad".[7][11]

From 1988 to 2000, Monte de Piedad had between 33 and 35 branches in the entire Mexican republic, thirteen of which were in Mexico City.

pesos in 2008[needs update]. This would represent a 58% increase nationwide from 2007, upping the already 33 million pawned items that Monte de Piedad warehouses every year. The institution also expects to reach the 22 million-loan mark in 2008.[2] Similar growth and projections have been reported in the various regional offices such as those in Culiacán[13] and Mérida.[12]

Loans can be for any purpose but Monte de Piedad reports that many are to remodel houses, send children to college or to start a business.[2] There has also been a rise in people seeking loans to cover overdrafts of their credit cards.[12] However, many loans are for expenses related to back-to-school, vacations periods (esp. Holy Week) and January, after the Christmas holidays.[8][12][14]

Back to school loans occur in late August and early September. It represents the third busiest season for Monte de Piedad.[8][12] Back to school costs usually include, school supplies, uniforms, shoes, backpacks as well as textbooks and can include specialty costs such as supplies for physics and art classes.[8]

The busiest season for Monte de Piedad is in January, after the holidays, and second is the period around Holy Week vacations.[8] However, during every major holiday and vacation period, people can be seen lining up at Monte de Piedad offices to finance their celebrations before or after the fact.[14] Méndez Tapia, spokesman for Monte de Piedad, states that there is not a credit card mentality in Mexico, but pawning has long been part of the financial culture, especially for Mexicans with scarce resources.[8]

Monte de Piedad's interest rate on pawned items is four percent[clarification needed], with seventeen months to recover pawned items. The recovery rate is 96%.[8] For-profit pawn shops charge between twelve and twenty-four percent interest per month.[2] Despite the high recovery rate, every two weeks, furniture, antiques, jewelry, cars, clothing, domestic appliances and other goods which have not been reclaimed by their owners are sold off at public auction at the main office in the Zócalo in Mexico City.[3]

Reputation

In 1945, the Department of Appraisers was created with the role of training appraisers by specialty (jewelry, furniture, works of art, etc.).

AENOR.[7] Legally speaking, the foundation works with legal authorities such as the Attorney General of the State of Chihuahua, signing agreements designed to thwart those who try to pawn stolen items.[11]

However, the institution has had labor issues. Retirees and active employees of Monte de Piedad protested in 2007, stating that the institution lied to them stating that they were enrolled in IMSS when they were not. Protesters stated that they had not realized the violation for so long because the company provided private health insurance.[15] In subsequent legal action, the Junta Federal de Conciliación y Arbitraje (Federal Comisión of Conciliación and Arbitration) ruled against Monte de Piedad in a suit filed by about 350 employees of the firm.[16]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 1-56409-034-5
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Notimex. "Dispone Monte de Piedad de 905 mdp para préstamos" (in Spanish). Torreón: El siglo de Torreón. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  3. ^
    ISBN 968-5437-29-7
    .
  4. ^ a b c "Lugares en Mexico Nacional Monte de Piedad". Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  5. ^ Bustamante, Antonio (2008-04-17). "Incendio en el Monte de Piedad" (in Spanish). Mexico City: Noticieros Televisa. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Leon Teutli Ficachi. "Nacional Monte de Piedad" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Ramirez Aldana, Ramon (April 2006). "Nacional Monte de Piedad, Permanencia y peretuidad La Institucion becentenarioa forma parte del patrimonico historic de Mexico". Macroeconomia (in Spanish). 152. Archived from the original on October 5, 2006. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Notimex (2008-09-02). "El Monte de Piedad prestará más de dos mil mdp en este regreso a clases" (in Spanish). Mexico City: Milenio. Retrieved 2008-10-01.[full citation needed]
  9. ^ "Nacional Monte de Piedad entrega donative para Beca Cholula". UDLA Informa (in Spanish). 38. May 2007. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  10. ^ a b "Dona Nacional Monte de Piedad recursos a la UDLAP" (in Spanish). Periodico Digital Puebla. 2008-07-14. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  11. ^ a b Salas Portillo, Carman (2008-08-06). "Convenio entre la Procuraduría Estatal y Nacional Monte de Piedad" (in Spanish). Chihuahua. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  12. ^ a b c d e Notimex (2008-08-06). "Coloca Nacional Monte de Piedad créditos por 27 mdp en Yucatán Mérida" (in Spanish). Mérida: El Sendero de Peje. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  13. ^ "Aumenta el número de pignorante en Nacional Monte de Piedad" (in Spanish). Mexico City: Queo Informa. 2008-01-07. Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  14. ^ a b Thelma Alcanzara. "El Nacional Monte de Piedad". Archived from the original on October 26, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  15. ^ Velasco, Elizabeth (2007-05-18). "Denuncian engaños del Nacional Monte de Piedad" (in Spanish). Mexico City: La Jornada. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  16. ^ Mata Othón, Atalo (2008-03-01). "Acusan en el Monte de Piedad conductas patronales ilegales" (in Spanish). Mexico City: Excelsior Online. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01.

Marie Eileen Francois, A Culture of Everyday Credit: Pawnbroking, Housekeeping, and Governance in Mexico City, 1750–1920. (University of Nebraska Press, 2006)

External links

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