Netley Hospital

Coordinates: 50°51′59.73″N 1°20′30.29″W / 50.8665917°N 1.3417472°W / 50.8665917; -1.3417472
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other hospitals with similar names, see Victoria Hospital (disambiguation).

Netley Hospital
Line engraving of Royal Victoria Military Hospital from Southampton Water produced by T. A. Prior in 1857
Netley Hospital is located in Hampshire
Netley Hospital
Shown in Hampshire
Geography
LocationNetley, England, United Kingdom
Coordinates50°51′59.73″N 1°20′30.29″W / 50.8665917°N 1.3417472°W / 50.8665917; -1.3417472
Organisation
Care systemPublic NHS
TypePublic
Services
Emergency departmentNo Accident & Emergency
History
Opened1856
Closed1978
Links
ListsHospitals in England

The Royal Victoria Hospital or Netley Hospital was a large

invasion of mainland Europe in the Second World War.[1] The main building – the world's longest building when it was completed – was entirely demolished in 1966,[1] except for the chapel and former YMCA building, which still survive. The extensive outbuildings, which once occupied a vast acreage of land to the rear of the main building, finally succumbed in 1978. The site of the hospital can be seen and explored in Royal Victoria Country Park
.

The hospital was situated within the larger area of land bounded by the River Itchen and River Hamble, particularly around Sholing[1] that had become known locally as Spike Island. That term was subsequently used by wounded soldiers and prisoners of war to describe the location of the hospital.

History

Development

Lord Palmerston, the fresh political climate allowed a large military hospital to be planned and constructed.[2]

Lord Panmure and chaired by Colonel T. O'Brien, the Deputy Quartermaster General, and was to keep closely in touch with Smith to ensure that the views of medical officers on the design were respected.[3] 109 acres (0.44 km2) of land was purchased from Thomas Chamberlayne's[4] Netley Grange Estate on 3 January 1856.[4] Later that year, developing plans meant that further land was required,[4] which was compulsorily purchased from Chamberlayne.[5] Queen Victoria laid the foundation stone on 19 May 1856,[5] concealing underneath a copy of the plans, the first Victoria Cross, a Crimea Medal and coins of the realm.[6]
The inscription read:

This stone was laid on the 19th day of May in the year of our Lord 1856, by Her Most Gracious Majesty Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland as the foundation stone of the Victoria Military Hospital intended for the reception of the sick and invalid soldiers of her Army[6]

Some confusion was caused by the publication in

The Builder of unrevised plans for the hospital.[3] Moreover, the influential Florence Nightingale, still busy in the Crimea, was not involved in the initial design.[7] On her return, she was able to highlight flaws in the design[7]
and politicise them. In January 1857, Prime Minister Lord Palmerston wrote:

It seems to me that at Netley all consideration of what would best tend to the comfort and recovery of the patients has been sacrificed to the vanity of the architect, whose sole object has been to make a building which should cut a dash when looked at from Southampton River. Pray stop all work.[8]

But construction was well under way, and it was too late to change the design significantly.[8] Subsequent reports and enquiries concluded that the design and its location were indeed flawed,[9] though, under the influence of Dr John Sutherland, Nightingale eventually expressed approval for the plans.[10]

The hospital eventually opened for patients on 11 March 1863.[11] It was a quarter of a mile (435 m) long, had 138 wards and approximately 1,000 beds, and was Britain's largest military hospital. It cost £350,000 to build, and was late and over budget. Supporting infrastructure was also built, including a reservoir at Hound Grove[4] and a gasworks[8][12] In 1863 Nightingale's colleague Jane Catherine Shaw Stewart became the Supervisor of Nurses, but she was there for just five years before an investigation revealled her bullying and temper.[13] She was replaced by Jane Cecilia Deeble who was awarded the Royal Red Cross for her work "in Zululand". Deeble was in charge until 1889 when she was succeeded by Helen Campbell Norman.[14]

A cast iron pier was extended into Southampton Water in 1865,

Southampton Docks on 5 March 1866.[16] At the suggestion of Queen Victoria,[17][18] the line was extended into the grounds of the hospital on 18 April 1900.[19] In 1903, an electricity generating station was built.[20]

In 1864, a Portland stone memorial was erected, dedicated to the members of the Army Medical Department who died in the Crimean War.[15]

Early use

Recuperating Boer War soldiers photographed on the hospital pier (circa 1902)

The building was enormous, grand, and visually attractive, but was neither convenient nor practical. Corridors were on the sea-facing front of the building, leaving the wards facing the inner courtyard with little light and air. Ventilation in general was poor, with unpleasant smells lingering around the vast building. In 1867, journalist Matthew Wallingford paid a visit to the hospital to write a report for the local parish newsletter:

It was a ghastly display of deception to say the least. To the naked eye it is a triumph of modern architecture, but should you inherit the misfortune to be sectioned there, one would not think of the place as so. It is not so much as the greatest military hospital in the world as much as it is a rather impractical waste of government finance.[21]

Early patients arriving from campaigns taking place all over the world during the expansion of the British Empire had an uncomfortable journey to the hospital, either having to be transferred to a shallow-draft boat[15] if landing at the pier, or transported from Netley station to the hospital if arriving by rail.[22]

The hospital was particularly busy during the Second Boer War (1899–1902) which, when the project was further encouraged by Queen Victoria,[17] provided the impetus for extending the railway line. The extension terminated at a station behind the hospital but was awkward to operate, having gradients which were steep for the locomotives of the time.[23] Some trains needed a locomotive at each end to travel that ¾ of a mile.[24]

An ambulance train at Netley Hospital's station

The railway and pier were also used for Queen Victoria's frequent visits to the hospital; she often arrived at the pier having been conveyed in the

Victoria Crosses to patients at the hospital.[25] The Pier's lack of access to deep water meant it ceased to be used for patient transfer after 1901.[26]

From its construction until 1902, Netley Hospital served as the home of the

anatomical specimens, reflecting the interests of many of the doctors.[25]

World Wars

The chapel is all that remains of original hospital structure.
Interior of the hospital chapel serving as a visitor centre

During the

Red Cross hutted hospital was built at the rear of the site,[28] which expanded Netley Hospital to accommodate around 2,500 beds.[28] Many of the staff were Red Cross volunteers, as most of the regular staff were overseas. Some 50,000 patients were treated at Netley during the war.[25]

Similar usage was seen during the

D-Day.[25]

A break was made in the pier during the Second World War to prevent its use in the event of a German invasion.[26]

Decline

After the war, the hospital continued to care for some casualties returning from overseas service. It also accommodated some

Hungarian refugees in 1956, but due to its high cost of maintenance, it gradually fell into disuse, and the main site closed in 1958.[25] The pier was never repaired and had been demolished by 1955.[26]

In 1963, a large fire damaged much of the building, and it was demolished in 1966, with only the chapel retained.

Alice in Wonderland in the hospital. A ceremony uncovered Queen Victoria's time capsule beneath the foundation stone on 7 December 1966.[28]

At the rear of the site, D Block (Victoria House) and E Block (Albert House) formed the

Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital, Woolwich in mid-1978.[25]

The site is now open to the public as the Royal Victoria Country Park. Of the main building, only the hospital chapel remains; it was scheduled for demolition but was saved at the last moment as a monument to the hospital. The chapel was designated as Grade II* listed in 1974.[29]

Some buildings at the rear of the site, including the former asylum, are used as the

Hampshire Constabulary Police Training Headquarters. The Officers' Mess survives and is also a listed building.[30] The altar from the Catholic chapel is still in use at the Our Lady of Sorrows and St Philip Benizi church in Fordingbridge.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 1-84115-294-3
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 7
  3. ^
    ISBN 9781-904104-95-7
    , p. 149
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 9
  5. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 11
  6. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 12
  7. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 13
  8. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 15
  9. ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 14
  10. ISBN 9781-904104-95-7
    , p. 153
  11. ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 16
  12. ^ Hampshire Independent. 1 December 1860
  13. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8
    , retrieved 13 January 2024
  14. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8
    , retrieved 15 January 2024
  15. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 17
  16. ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 30
  17. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 41
  18. ^ Southampton Times. 23 December 1899
  19. ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 42
  20. ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 21
  21. ^ "Royal Victoria Military Hospital - the Hampshire hospital built to house nation's war wounded". Southern Daily Echo. 4 August 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  22. ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 31
  23. ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . Ch. 4
  24. ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    .
  25. ^ a b c d e f g "Netley Hospital". Quaranc. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  26. ^
    ISBN 9781445603551
    .
  27. ^ A Study in Scarlet/Part 1/Chapter 1 Wikisource. Retrieved on 23 August 2011.
  28. ^
    ISBN 0-946184-09-7
    . p. 20
  29. ^ Historic England. "Chapel in the grounds of the Royal Victoria Hospital (1322694)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  30. ^ Historic England. "Officers' Mess in the grounds of the Royal Victoria Hospital (1204595)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  31. ISBN 9780300225037
    .

Further reading

External links
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