Mykola Kostomarov

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Ivanovych and the family name is Kostomarov.
Mykola Kostomarov
Микола Костомаров
Born(1817-05-16)May 16, 1817
Yurasovka, Voronezh Governorate, Russian Empire
DiedApril 19, 1885(1885-04-19) (aged 67)
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire

Mykola Ivanovych Kostomarov (

Stepan Razin and his fundamental 3-volume Russian History in Biographies of its main figures (Russian
: Русская история в жизнеописаниях её главнейших деятелей).

Kostomarov was also known as one of the main figures of the Ukrainian national revival society best known as the

Narodniks
movement in the Russian Empire.

Historian

His father was a Russian landlord, Ivan Petrovich Kostomarov, and he belonged to

Grand Duchy of Moscow from the reign of Boris Godunov. His mother Tatiana Petrovna Melnikova, was an ethnic Ukrainian peasant and one of his father's serfs; that is why Mykola Kostomarov de jure was a "serf" of his father. His father ended up marrying his mother, but he was born before this. His father wanted to adopt young Mykola, but he didn't get a chance before he was killed at the hands of his domestic serfs, in 1828, when Mykola was 11 years old. His father was known to be cruel to his serfs, and they reportedly stole his fathers money after they killed him.[12]

Kostomarov was a specialist of East Slavic folklore.

Narodniks thought, he wrote what some consider to be the ideas of Russians inclined towards autocracy, collectivism, and state-building, and Ukrainians inclined towards liberty, and individualism
. The article of Kostomarov on the problem of the psychological diversity of Rus' people in the Russian Empire had an impact on the scientific research of the collective psychology in Eastern Europe.

In his various historical writings, Kostomarov was always very positive about

Don Cossack Host
, was particularly important for the political evolution of Narodniks.

Kostomarov vs. Pogodin

Kostomarov maintained a long-standing argument with

Anti-Normanists″. Influenced by this argument between Pogodin and Kostomarov, which took place at the Moscow Imperial University, Prince Pyotr Vyazemsky
said: ″If we didn't know before which way we were going, now we don't know from where we are going as well″.

Religion

Kostomarov was a very religious man and a devout adherent of the Russian Orthodox Church. He was critical of Catholic and Polish influences on the area of Ukraine and Belarus throughout the centuries, but, nevertheless, was considered as more open to Catholic culture than many of his Russian contemporaries, and later, the members of the Slavic Benevolent Societies.

Cultural politics

In the Books of the Genesis of the Ukrainian People, Kostomarov set out the principals of the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius.[2] Some experts e.g. Myroslav Trofymuk question the authorship of this text.[14]

He was considered by many to be a leading intellectual of the

Kiev (for which he suffered arrest, imprisonment, and the exile to Saratov).[16]
From 1847 to 1854 Kostomarov, whose interest in the history of Little Russia and its literature made him suspected of separatist views, wrote nothing, having been banished to Saratov, and forbidden to teach or publish. But after this time his literary activity began again, and, besides separate works, the leading Russian reviews, such as Old and New Russia, The Historical Messenger, and The Messenger of Europe, contained many contributions from his pen of the highest value.

1992 Postage Stamp of Kostomarov

In 1862, he was forced to resign from his post as chair of department of history of the

University of Saint Petersburg,[17] because he had sympathized with the revolutionary movement of liberals, progressives, and socialists.[2]

After his arrests, he continued to promote the ideas of federalism and populism in Ukrainian and Russian historical thought. He had a profound influence on later Ukrainian historians such as Volodymyr Antonovych and Mykhailo Hrushevsky.

Writer

Kostomarov in His Coffin (by Ilya Repin)

Kostomarov was also a

folk songs, which he collected and observed in his historical research with respect to ethnography.[citation needed
]

Kostomarov also wrote historical dramas, however these had little influence on the development of the theater. He also wrote a novelette in Russian (Kudeyar, 1875), and a Russian mixed with Ukrainian pice (Chernigovka, 1881), but these also are considered still less significant.[2]

Original works

  • Nikolai Kostomarov, Russian History in Biographies of its main figures (Русская история в жизнеописаниях её главнейших деятелей), in Russian, available online;
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, On the role of
    Novgorod the Great in the Russian history (О значении Великого Новгорода в русской истории), in Russian, available online
    ;
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, Two Russian Nationalities (Две русские народности), in Russian, available online;
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, Some thoughts on the Problem of Federalism in Old Rus' (Мысли о федеративном начале в Древней Руси);
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, Great Russian folksongs. Based on the new published materials (Великорусская народная песенная поэзия. По вновь изданным материалам), in Russian, available online;
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, Ivan Susanin. Historical review (Иван Сусанин (Историческое исследование)), in Russian, available online;
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, Time of Troubles in the History of the Tsardom of Moscow (Смутное время Московского государства), in Russian, available online;
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, Southern Russia at the End of the 16th Century (Южная Русь в конце XVI века), in Russian, available online;
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, Northern Russians and their rools during the time of veche. History of Novgorod, Pskov and Vyatka (Севернорусские народоправства во времена удельно-вечевого уклада (история Новгорода, Пскова и Вятки)), in Russian, available online;
  • Nikolai Kostomarov, On the Russian history as reflected in geography and ethnography (Об отношении русской истории к географии и этнографии), in Russian, available online.

Academic literature

  • Natalia Fokina, N. I. Kostomarov. Ideia federalizma v polytycheskom tvorchestve (N. I. Kostomarov and the idea of federalism in his political legacy). Moscow University Press, 2007. In Russian.
  • Boris Litvak, Nikolai Kostomarov, historian and his time. Jerusalem 2000. In Russian.
  • Raisa Kireeva, "He couldn't live without writing". Nikolai Kostomarov. Moscow 1996. In Russian.
  • Fashioning Modern Ukraine: Selected Writings of Mykola Kostomarov, Volodymyr Antonovych, and Mykhailo Drahomanov, ed. Serhiy Bilenky (Toronto-Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 2013). Contains a lengthy selection (134 pages) from his various writings including his two autobiographies and his important ideological tract "Two Rus Nationalities".
  • Dmytro Doroshenko, "A Survey of Ukrainian Historiography," Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the US, V-VI, 4 (1957), 132-57.
  • Thomas M. Prymak, Mykola Kostomarov: A Biography (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996).
    ISBN 0-8020-0758-9
    .
  • Thomas M. Prymak, "Kostomarov and Hrushevsky in Ukrainian History and Culture," Ukrainskyi istoryk, vols. 43-44, nos. 1-2 (2006–07), 307-19. Comparison of Ukraine's two most prestigious historians. This article is in English.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Nikolai Kostomarov (encyclopedia.com)
  2. ^
    Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
    . Retrieved November 13, 2022.
  3. ^ "Ukrainian literature". Britannica. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  4. ^ Бутаков, Я. А.; Киреева, Р. А. "КОСТОМАРОВ • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия". bigenc.ru (in Russian). Retrieved November 13, 2022.
  5. ^ "Костомаров Николай Иванович | Кто такой Костомаров Николай Иванович?". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian). 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
  6. ISBN 978-1-4426-0991-4
    .
  7. ^
    doi:10.7939/R3TT4G15R
    .
  8. ^
    • Thomas M. Prymak, "Kostomarov and Hrushevsky in Ukrainian History and Culture," Ukrainskyi istoryk, vols. 43-44, nos. 1-2 (2006-07), 307-19. Comparison of Ukraine's two most prestigious historians (in English).
    • Thomas Prymak (1991). "Mykola Kostomarov and East Slavic Ethnography in the Nineteenth Century". 18 (2). Russian History. pp. 163–186. JSTOR 24657223. Accessed 19 July 2020.
    • Thomas Prymak (1996). Mykola Kostomarov: A Biography. University of Toronto Press. p. 193.
      ISBN 0-8020-0758-9
      .
  9. ^
    • Mykola Kostomarov, Knyhy buttia ukrainskoho narodu [Books of the Genesis of the Ukrainian people], ed. K. Kostiv (Toronto: Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 1980). Ukrainian text with English, French, and Russian translations, and a lengthy introduction in Ukrainian. Programmatic document of the secret Society of Cyril and Methodius. Only published after Kostomarov's death.
    • Mykola Kostomarov, "Two Russian Nationalities" (excerpts), and "A Letter to the Editor of Kolokol," in Towards an Intellectual History of Ukraine: An Anthology of Ukrainian Thought from 1710 to 1995, ed. Ralph Lindheim and George S. N. Luckyj (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996), pp. 122–45.
  10. OCLC 16770897
    .
  11. OCLC 1063563920
    .
  12. OCLC 4942584
    .
  13. ISBN 9780802007582
    .
  14. ^ Trofymuk, Myroslav: Books of the Genesis of the Ukrainian People (Книги буття українського народу). Zbruc. 17 January 2015
  15. JSTOR 24657223
    .
  16. ^ "Mykola Kostomarov". Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019.
  17. ^ Peter Kropotkin (1901). "The Present Crisis in Russia". The North American Review.
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