Nlaka'pamux
Total population | |
---|---|
3,105 Okanagan, Nicola people, Nicola Athapaskans |
The Nlakaʼpamux or Nlakapamuk[2] (/ɪŋkləˈkæpmə/ ing-klə-KAP-mə;[3] Salishan: [nɬeʔképmx]), also previously known as the Thompson, Thompson River Salish, Thompson Salish, Thompson River Indians or Thompson River people, and historically as the Klackarpun,[4] Haukamaugh, Knife Indians, and Couteau Indians, are an Indigenous First Nations people of the Interior Salish language group in southern British Columbia. Their traditional territory includes parts of the North Cascades region of Washington.
Other names
Frontier-era histories and maps transliterate the name Nlakaʼpamux as Hakamaugh or Klackarpun; they were also known as the Kootomin, or Couteau (Knife).[5] or Knife Indians. In the dialect of the Thompson language used by the Ashcroft Indian Band, the variant Nlʼakapxm is used.
The Nlakaʼpamux of the
Ethnobotany
Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtilloides) are traditionally used by them in pies.[6] They have used the leaves of sedge (Carex) as brushes for cleaning and also as forage for their livestock.[7]
Religion
The Nlakaʼpamux were the object of both
Governments
The
None of the Nlakaʼpamux governments are in the
Nlakaʼpamux Nation Tribal Council
- Boothroyd Indian Band
- Boston Bar Indian Band
- Oregon Jack Creek Indian Band
- Spuzzum Indian Band
- Lytton Indian Band
- Skuppah Indian Band
Scwʼexmx Tribal Council (Originally Nicola Tribal Association or NTA)
- Shackan Indian Band(Original NTA)
- Nooaitch Indian Band (Original NTA)
- Upper Nicola Band (Original NTA)(A member of the Okanagan Nation Alliance)
- Coldwater Indian Band (Original NTA)
Unaffiliated
- Ashcroft Indian Band
- Kanaka Bar Indian Band
- Lower Nicola Indian Band
- Siska Indian Band
- Cook's Ferry Indian Band
- Nicomen Indian Band (Former member of the Fraser Canyon Indian Administration)
Language
The Nlakaʼpamux speak an
Notable people
- Tara Beagan, writer and actress
- G. A. Grisenthwaite, writer
- Kevin Loring, writer
- Terese Marie Mailhot, writer
- Sharon McIvor, activist
- Ilona Verley, drag queen and make-up artist
- Annie York, writer
See also
Notes
- ^ "Aboriginal Ancestry Responses (73), Single and Multiple Aboriginal Responses (4), Residence on or off reserve (3), Residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat (7), Age (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Government of Canada, Statistics. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
- ^ Keith Thor Carlson (2007). "Precedent and the Aboriginal Response to Global Incursions: Smallpox and Identity Reformation Among the Coast Salish" (PDF). Journal of the Canadian Historical Association / Revue de la Société historique du Canada. 18 (2): 165–201.
- ^ "Pronunciation Guide to First Nations in British Columbia". Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. 2010-09-15. Archived from the original on 2014-01-23. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
- ^ [on 1859 map by Lieut. R.C. Mayne, Royal Engineers],
- ^ Kootomin is a nativized variant of the French couteau
- ^ Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 218
- ^ Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ List of First Communities in BC, BC Treaty Commission
Bibliography
- Thompson River Salish Dictionary
Compiled by Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson
- They Write Their Dreams on the Rock Forever: Rock Writings in the Stein River Valley of British Columbia (with Chris Arnett and Richard Daly
- Spuzzum: Fraser Canyon Histories, with Andrea LaForet
- Historical Atlas of British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest, Derek Hayes, Cavendish Books, Vancouver (1999) ISBN
- The Resettlement of British Columbia: Essays on Colonialism & Geographical Change, University of British Columbia Press; New Ed edition (January 1997) ISBN
- ISBN 0-88899-290-4.
- NLakaʼpamux Language CD by Barbara Joe(2005){Editor/Producer/Technical: Dr. Shawn E. Swakum D.D}
- Shackan Stories by Jim Toodlican(2006){Editor/Producer/Technical: Shawn E. Swakum D.D}