OV2-1
USAF | |
COSPAR ID | 1965-082C |
---|---|
SATCAT no. | 01641 |
Spacecraft properties | |
Manufacturer | Northrop |
Launch mass | 170.097 kg (375.00 lb) |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 15 October 1965, 17:23:59 | UTC
Rocket | Cape Canaveral LC40[1] |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Eccentricity | 0.00603 |
Perigee altitude | 706 km (439 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 792 km (492 mi) |
Inclination | 32.6° |
Period | 99.7 minutes[2] |
Epoch | 15 October 1965 |
Orbiting Vehicle 2-1 (COSPAR ID: 1965–82C, also known as OV2-1), the first satellite of the second series of the United States Air Force's
Background
The Orbiting Vehicle satellite program arose from a US Air Force initiative, begun in the early 1960s, to reduce the expense of space research. Through this initiative, satellites would be standardized to improve reliability and cost-efficiency, and where possible, they would fly on test vehicles or be piggybacked with other satellites. In 1961, the Air Force Office of Aerospace Research (OAR) created the Aerospace Research Support Program (ARSP) to request satellite research proposals and choose mission experiments. The USAF Space and Missiles Organization created their own analog of the ARSP called the Space Experiments Support Program (SESP), which sponsored a greater proportion of technological experiments than the ARSP.[3]: 417 Five distinct OV series of standardized satellites were developed under the auspices of these agencies.[3]: 425
The OV2 series of satellites was originally designed as part of the ARENTS (Advanced Research Environmental Test Satellite) program, intended to obtain supporting data for the
Spacecraft design
OV2-1 was built to the configuration standard to all of the OV2 satellites, with a roughly cubical structure of aluminum honeycomb, .61 m (2.0 ft) in height, and .58 m (1.9 ft) wide. Four 2.3 m (7.5 ft) paddle-like solar panels, each with 20,160 solar cells, were mounted at the four upper corners of the main body. The power system, which included NiCd batteries for night-time operations, provided 63 W of power. As with the other craft in the OV2 series, experiments were generally mounted outside the cube while satellite systems, including tape recorder, command receiver, and PAM/FM/FM telemetry system, were installed inside. Four small solid rocket motors spun, one on each paddle, were designed to spin the OV2 satellites upon reaching orbit, providing gyroscopic stability. Cold-gas jets maintained this stability, receiving information on the satellite's alignment with respect to the Sun via an onboard solar aspect sensor, and with respect to the local magnetic field via two onboard fluxgate magnetometers. A damper kept the satellite from precessing (wobbling around its spin axis). Passive thermal control kept the satellite from overheating.[3]: 422 The entire satellite weighed 170.097 kg (375.00 lb).[5]
Experiments
OV2-1 was designed to evaluate the long-term hazards of the Earth's Van Allen Belts to astronauts and satellites.[6] Over the course of a year-long mission, the solar-powered satellite would measure nuclear particles, electromagnetic field strength, very low frequency radio waves, and radiation effects on tissue equivalents.[4]
The Air Force's
Also included as an engineering experiment on OV2-1 was a low-thrust, subliming solid rocket type, developed by Rocket Research Corporation in Seattle,[4] to manage OV2-1's rate of spin.[3]: 422
Mission
In its original conception, OV2-1 was to have been launched via Titan 3A rocket to an apogee of 2,400 nmi (4,400 km) and a perigee of 100 nmi (190 km).[4] OV2-1 ultimately was scheduled for launch on the second Titan IIIC test flight[5] on 8 October 1965. However, tests at the Martin/Denver plant determined that there might be issues with the Transtage's pressurization valves; a malfunction of one of the valves had caused a premature shutdown of a Titan 3A test the prior year. The flight was thus delayed one week.[7] A further delay, from 14 October to 15 October, was caused both by bad weather and battery problems in the two "stage zero" solid -propellant side boosters of the Titan IIIC rocket.[8]
OV2-1, along with LCS-2, a 1.12 m (3.7 ft), 34 kg (75 lb) radar calibration sphere,
Legacy and status
The satellite and large pieces of the transtage are still in orbit as of February 2020, and LCS-2 reentered on 25 August 1982.[10] Though its mission was a failure, seven of OV2-1's experiments were reflown on the successful (smaller)[11] OV3-3 mission,[3]: 423 launched 4 August 1966.[1]
Two follow-on satellites (OV2-2 and -3) with different mission objectives were originally planned when the OV2 program began.[4] The OV2 series was ultimately expanded to five satellites, all with different goals. Only one, the radiation and astronomical satellite OV2-5, achieved a degree of success.[12]
References
- ^ a b c McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "OV2-1". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Powell, Joel W.; Richards, G.R. (1987). "The Orbiting Vehicle Series of Satellites". Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. Vol. 40. London: British Interplanetary Society.
- ^ a b c d e f g "OV2-1A Readied for Titan 3 A Test". Aviation Week and Space Technology. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing Company. February 8, 1965. p. 26. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
- ^ a b c "OV2-1 Will Seek to Determine Extent of Van Allen Belt Threat". Aviation Week and Space Technology. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing Company. 27 September 1965. pp. 113, 115. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
- ^ a b Hillger, Don; Toth, Garry. "OV". Collective Philatelic Works (of Two Meteorologists). Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- ^ "Titan 3C Delayed". Aviation Week and Space Technology. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing Company. 11 October 1965. p. 34. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "Telemetry may Locate Titan 3 Malfunction". Aviation Week and Space Technology. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing Company. 25 October 1965. p. 68. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "LCS 1, 2, 3, 4". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
- ^ William R. Corliss (1967). Scientific Satellites. Washington D.C.: Science and Technical Information Division, Office of Technology Utilization, NASA. p. 774. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "OV2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
External links
- Current orbital information for OV2-1/LCS2. heavens-above.com