Old and New Lights

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The terms Old Lights and New Lights (among others) are used in

Calvinist
denominations concerning the nature of conversion and salvation. Since then, they have been applied in a wide variety of ways, and the meaning must be determined from each context. Typically, if a denomination is changing, and some refuse to change, and the denomination splits, those who did not change are referred to as the "Old Lights," and the ones who changed are referred to as the "New Lights".

History

The terms were first used during the

atonement.[2] Old Lights and New Lights generally referred to Congregationalists and Baptists in New England and Presbyterians in Pennsylvania
and further south who took different positions on the Awakening from the traditional branches of their denominations.

New Lights embraced the revivals that spread through the colonies, while Old Lights were suspicious of the revivals (and their seeming threat to authority). The historian Richard Bushman credits the division between Old Lights and New Lights for the creation of political factionalism in Connecticut in the mid-eighteenth century.[3]

Often, many "new light" Congregationalists who had been converted under the preaching of

New Side," and those opposed to the revivals were called "Old Side."[5]

In the Church of Scotland in the 1790s, the "Old Lights" followed the principles of the Covenanters, and the "New Lights" were more focused on personal salvation and considered the strictures of the Covenants as less binding moral enormities.[6]

The terms were also used in 1833, when a debate over swearing allegiance to the

US citizens because the Constitution makes no mention of the Lordship of Christ, and the "New Light" Reformed Presbyterians allowed the swearing. After the split, the Old Lights eventually formed the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America, and the New Lights formed the Reformed Presbyterian Church, General Synod
.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-19-972911-1
    .
  2. ^ Ava Chamberlain, "Self-Deception as a Theological Problem in Jonathan Edwards's 'Treatise Concerning Religious Affections,"' Church History, (1994) 63#4 pp. 541-556 in JSTOR
  3. ^ Bushman, Richard L. (1967). From Puritan to Yankee: Character and the Social Order in Connecticut, 1690–1765. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 182–95 & 235–66.
  4. ISBN 978-0-8054-3249-7
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-504118-7
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-19-504118-7
    .
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