Oliviero Carafa

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Cardinal-Bishop
Personal details
Born
Oliviero Carafa

10 March 1430
Died20 January 1511(1511-01-20) (aged 80)
Rome, Italy
BuriedCarafa Chapel
(1511-1793)
Naples Cathedral
(1793-present)
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Oliviero Carafa (10 March 1430 – 20 January 1511), in

cardinal and diplomat of the Renaissance. Like the majority of his era's prelates, he displayed the lavish and conspicuous standard of living that was expected of a prince of the Church. In his career he set an example of conscientiousness for his contemporaries and mentored his relative, Giovanni Pietro Carafa, who became Pope Paul IV
.

Ordained by Bonifacio Colonna in 1476

Early ecclesiastic career

He was born in Naples to

Archbishopric of Naples (18 November 1458) at a young age, his career was mainly that of a statesman rather than an ecclesiastic. He retained the powerful and lucrative position until 20 September 1484, but kept control of the see at the heart of the Regno by ceding the position to his brother Alessandro, retaining his right to resume it should his brother die, by a papal brief. When that eventuality happened (July 1503), he was archbishop once more, ceding the title to his nephew Bernardino, who died within months, and then to Vincenzo. "What emerges clearly from this complicated pattern of exchanged titles is that Carafa was determined to retain the prestigious and wealthy title of Naples within his family's control."[6]

Church and received the gratitude of the Roman clergy.[citation needed
]

Borgia rule

After Innocent's death (July 1492), Carafa endeavoured again to be made pope but was excluded from the first ballots of the

dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
).

Pope Alexander VI highly favored his judgment, as evidenced by one particular occasion:

"After a Consistory on 22nd May, 1493, Alexander brought the session to an end, saying that he would sign no more Briefs that day. But [Carafa] was bold enough to go up to the Pope with the all-important Brief. Before Alexander could dismiss him, [Carafa], doubtless with the smile of one who knows his man and his good personal relations with him ([Carafa] was one of the best of the cardinals), slipped the Pope's ring from off his finger and then and there sealed the document. When the opposition deputation came to protest, Alexander said he had no intention of undoing what had been done. The scene suggests that Alexander was very willing to be led in such matters by a worthy and holy cardinal."[7]

In 1494, Oliviero resigned the

see of Chieti in favour of his teenage nephew Giovanni Pietro Carafa, later Pope Paul IV. During Alexander VI's reign, Oliviero gradually gave up his intervention in the Neapolitan affairs and was not engaged in the bull with which the Pope deposed the Aragonese dynasty of Naples in 1501.[citation needed
]

Patron of arts

Cardinal Oliviero Carafa. Detail of Filippino Lippi's Annunciation in the Carafa Chapel of Santa Maria sopra Minerva (1489).

Carafa's income was estimated at 12,000

Subiaco.[10] In his household his nephew Giampietro Carafa, later Pope Paul IV, received a thorough training in Latin, Greek and Hebrew. There in 1501 the battered Roman marble dubbed "Pasquino" by the Romans was unearthed, and set upon a pedestal at the corner of Piazza di Pasquino and Palazzo Braschi, on the west side of Piazza Navona
.

He devoted himself to the patronage of art and, as Cardinal Protector of the Dominican order from 1478, benefited generously the Dominican church of

Saint Thomas Aquinas,[11] the chapel was accordingly organized about the theme of the Annunciation. To decorate the chapel, he hired Filippino Lippi in 1488; for the painter, who had made his reputation in Florence, it was his first large-scale fresco.[12] In the altarpiece, Lippi depicted his patron, kneeling, his lean, bony face, long sharp nose and narrow lips in profile, as Saint Thomas Aquinas presents Carafa to the Virgin Mary.[11]

When Bramante arrived in Rome, his first architectural commission came from Carafa, the cloister at Santa Maria della Pace.[citation needed]

During the last years of his life, which fell during the pontificate of Pope Julius II, Carafa was regarded as a wise counsellor of the Church. He died on 20 January 1511. His tomb is in the Carafa Chapel of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, though his remains were later transported to Naples, where he is buried in the cathedral.[13]

Notes

  1. ^ Piestrasanta, Silvestro (1682). "ELOGIUM GENTIS CARAFAEAE AC STEMMA PROCERUM EIUS". SYMBOLA HEROICA (in Latin). Amsterdam: Amstelaedami, Apud Janssonio-Waesbergios & Henr. Wetstenium. p. XXX (30).
  2. ^ Parchment charter/deed issued in year 1494 Rome, naming Oliverius Carafa, et al.
  3. ^ Other cardinals of the Carafa were Filippo Carafa della Serra (1378); Gianvincenzo Carafa (1527); Carlo Carafa (1555); Diomede Carafa (1555); Alfonso Carafa (1557); Antonio Carafa (1568); Decio Carafa (1611); Pierluigi Carafa (1645); Carlo Carafa della Spina (1664); Fortunato Ilario Carafa della Spina (1686); Pierluigi Carafa, iuniore (1728); Francesco Carafa della Spina di Traetto (1773); Marino Carafa di Belvedere (1801); and Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto (1844); see F. Scandone, "I Carafa di Napoli", in P. Litta, Famiglie celebri italiane 2nd series, Naples 1913.
  4. ^ Gail L. Geiger, "Filippino Lippi's Carafa "Annunciation": Theology, Artistic Conventions, and Patronage" The Art Bulletin 63.1 (March 1981:62–75) p. 71.
  5. ^ Nichols, McGregor, Charlotte, James H. Renaissance Naples: A Documentary History, 1400-1600. New York & Bristol: Italica Press. p. 234.
  6. ^ Diana Norman, "The Succorpo in the Cathedral of Naples: 'Empress of All Chapels'" Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 49.3 (1986:323–355) p.335.
  7. Michael de la Bedoyere
    , The Meddlesome Friar and the Wayward Pope, p. 144-145
  8. ^ Norman, Diana (3 December 2004). Possessions. London: Open University.; F. Strazzullo, "Il Card. Oliviero Carafa mecenate del rinascimento", Atti dell'Accademia Pontaniana, New series, 14 (1965:1–24), treats his patronage in detail.
  9. ^ See C.Malice, "Il cardinale Oliviero Carafa e il tractato di fra' Bernardino Siculo", Napoli, Imago Artis Edizioni, 2007.
  10. ^ R.P. Mortier, Histoire des Maîtres Généraux de l'Ordre des Frères Prcheurs, vol. 25 (Paris) 1911:, noted by Geiger 1981, p. 69 note 45.
  11. ^
    ISSN 0269-1213
    .
  12. ^ Geiger 1981:62–75; in 1486 Carafa had purchased adjacent land to enlarge his chapel.
  13. ^ Lorenzo Cardella. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. Tomo III. Rome: Pagliarini, 1793, p. 162.

References

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Archbishop of Naples

1458–1484
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Bishop of Salamanca

1491–1494
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Bishop of Rimini

1495–1497
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Bishop of Chieti

1500–1501
Succeeded by
Gian Pietro Carafa
Preceded by
Archbishop of Naples
(2nd time)

1503–1505
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Rodrigo Lanzol-Borja y Borja
Cardinal-bishop of Albano

1476–1483
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals

1477
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Giuliano della Rovere
Cardinal-bishop of Sabina

1483–1503
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Rodrigo Lanzol-Borja y Borja
Dean of the College of Cardinals
1492–1511
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Giuliano della Rovere
Cardinal-bishop of Ostia

1503–1511
Succeeded by
Preceded by
?
Bishop of Caiazzo

1506–1507
Succeeded by
?
Preceded by
Bishop of Terracina, Priverno e Sezze

1507–1510
Succeeded by