Original jurisdiction

In

appellate jurisdiction

, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.

India

In

States of India or between Government of India and states on one side and one or more states on the other side or cases between different states. Original jurisdiction is related to cases directly brought to the Supreme Court. Cases that require the interpretation of the constitution or cases relating to the denial of fundamental rights are heard in the Supreme Court. In case there is a dispute between two or more states or between the union and the states, the Supreme Court decides such cases. In addition, Article 131 of the Constitution of India grants original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court on all cases involving the enforcement of fundamental rights of citizens.^[1] It is empowered to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs like habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari

to enforce them.

The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High Court concerned under Article 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the Constitution in respect of any judgement, decree or final order of a High Court in both civil and criminal cases, involving substantial questions of law as to the interpretation of the Indian Constitution.

The Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction in matters that may specifically be referred to by the president of India under Article 143 of the Indian Constitution.

United States

Supreme Court

In the United States, courts having original jurisdiction are referred to as

U.S. Supreme Court has original jurisdiction concurrently

with lower courts. The original jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court is governed by

United States Constitution^[2] and Title 28 of the United States Code, section 1251

. Most commonly, original jurisdiction cases involve suits between states as parties, usually over territorial or water rights disputes.

The United States Constitution defines Original Jurisdiction thus:

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. United States Constitution Article III, §3, cl. 2

Federal and state courts

In the federal court system and those of most U.S. states, there are several types of trial courts. That is, there are several specialized courts with original jurisdiction over specific types of matters, and then a court with original jurisdiction over anything not reserved to more specialized courts.

Special courts

Not all "trial courts" exclusively exercise original jurisdiction. Indeed, in both the federal and most

Superior Court of New Jersey hears appeals from Pittsburgh have unique systems) and from certain agencies of local (e.g., zoning board) and state governments (e.g., Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board

).

References

^ ^a ^b "Jurisdiction of The Supreme Court". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
^ Hatton, David; Wexler, Jay (2012). "The First Ever (Maybe) Original Jurisdiction Standings". Journal of Legal Metrics. 1: 19. Retrieved May 31, 2019.

Wex at Legal Information Institute
APFN Archived October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
The Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court at Onecle

[sci-jurisdiction-1] "Jurisdiction of The Supreme Court". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2012.

[2] Hatton, David; Wexler, Jay (2012). "The First Ever (Maybe) Original Jurisdiction Standings". Journal of Legal Metrics. 1: 19. Retrieved May 31, 2019.

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