Osami Nagano
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (April 2024) |
Yonai Mitsumasa | |
|---|---|
| Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff | |
| In office 9 April 1941 – 21 February 1944 | |
| Prime Minister | |
| Preceded by | Shimada Shigetarō |
| Personal details | |
| Born | June 15, 1880 Occupied Japan |
| Awards |
|
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Empire of Japan |
| Branch/service |  Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Years of service | 1900–1947 |
| Rank |   Marshal Admiral |
| Commands |
|
| Battles/wars | World War I, World War II |
Osami Nagano (永野 修身, Nagano Osami, June 15, 1880 – January 5, 1947) was a Marshal Admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy and one of the leaders of Japan's military during most of the Second World War. In April 1941, he became Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff. In this capacity, he served as the navy's commander-in-chief in the Asia-Pacific theater of World War II until his removal in February 1944. After the war, he was arrested by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East but died of natural causes in prison during the trial.
Early life and career
Nagano was born in
After his promotion to lieutenant in 1905, Nagano served on the battleship Shikishima. From 1905 to 1906, he studied naval artillery and navigation. From 1906 to 1908, he was chief gunnery officer on the cruiser Itsukushima. In 1909, he graduated from the Japanese Naval War College.
In 1910, Nagano was promoted to lieutenant commander and assigned as chief gunnery officer on the battleship Katori. From January 1913 to April 1915, he was a language officer in the United States, during which time he studied at Harvard Law School.
During World War I, Nagano was executive officer on the cruisers Nisshin and cruiser Iwate. In 1918, he was promoted to captain. In 1919, he received his first (and only) ship command, the cruiser Hirado.[3]
From December 1920, Nagano was a military attaché to the United States. In this capacity, he attended the Washington Naval Conference. In November 1923, he returned home, although he returned to the United States on official visits in 1927 and 1933. In December 1923, he was promoted to rear admiral.
In February 1924, Nagano was chief of the
From 1928 to 1929, Nagano was commandant of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy. Nagano introduced and influenced Progressive education method such as Dalton Plan to Japanese Naval Academy.[4] [title missing][author missing]
From 1930 to 1931, he was vice chief of the Navy General Staff, in which capacity he attended the Geneva Naval Conference. He attended the
In 1936, Nagano was appointed
World War II
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A staunch believer in Nanshin-ron , Admiral Nagano played a central role in Japan's decision to go to war with the United States. After Japanese forces occupied southern Indochina on 24 July 1941, the U.S. and its Western Allies froze Japanese assets within their borders thereby resulting in a halt on all oil shipments to Japan.[5] At the end of the month, Nagano informed Emperor Hirohito that the nation's oil supply would run out in two years if the embargo was not lifted.[6] Consequently, he advised that Japan should be ready for war within that timeframe if attempts at diplomacy failed.[7] By September 1941, he and the Army's Chief of Staff, General Hajime Sugiyama, called for Japan to be placed on an immediate war-footing and for an end to all negotiations by mid-October. [8]
According to some Japanese sources, Nagano presented a peace proposal before a conference on November 1, 1941 but this was ultimately struck down by Prime Minister
].Viewing it as a needless diversion of Japan's carrier fleet, Nagano initially opposed Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's planned attack on Pearl Harbor. However, he reluctantly approved the attack after Yamamoto threatened to resign as Combined Fleet commander.[11][12] Between 1941 and 1944, at meetings with the top Army staff, Nagano reputedly napped.[13]
In 1943, Nagano was promoted to
Remark
- According to the opinion of the Japanese government, if Japan accepts the demand of the United States, Japan will perish. However, even if Japan fights against the United States, Japan may perish. That is, accepting the request of the United States will destroy Japan without fighting the United States. Even if we fight against the United States, if Japan can not avoid the danger of extinction, if Japan defeats without fighting with the United States, the Japanese people will truly disappear from the earth. However, if Japanese people can fight and show the spirit of defending Japan, even if Japan fights against America, our descendants will always rebuild Japan. We hope to solve problems in diplomatic negotiations. But unfortunately we will be fighting if we are to be commanded to wage war. (September 6, 1941, Osami Nagano)[15] [title missing]
War crimes trial
After World War II in 1945, the
| IJN Insignia | Rank | Date |
|---|---|---|
.png)
|
海軍少尉候補生 Kaigun Shōi Kōhōsei (Midshipman) |
13 December 1900 |
.gif)
|
海軍少尉 Kaigun Shōi (Ensign) |
18 January 1902 |
.gif)
|
海軍中尉 Kaigun Chūi ( Lieutenant Junior Grade )
|
26 September 1903 |
|
海軍大尉 Kaigun Daii (Lieutenant) |
12 January 1905 |
.gif)
|
海軍少佐 Kaigun Shōsa ( Lieutenant-Commander )
|
1 December 1910 |
|
海軍中佐 Kaigun Chūsa (Commander) |
1 December 1914 |
|
海軍大佐 Kaigun Daisa (Captain) |
1 December 1918 |
|
海軍少将 Kaigun Shōshō ( Rear-Admiral )
|
1 December 1923 |
|
海軍中将 Kaigun Chūjō ( Vice-Admiral )
|
1 December 1927 |
|
海軍大将 Kaigun Taishō (Admiral) |
1 March 1934 |
|
|
元帥海軍大将 Gensui Kaigun Taishō ( Marshal-Admiral )
|
21 June 1943 |
References
Books
- Bradley, F.J. (2014). He Gave the Order: The Life and Times of Admiral Osami Nagano. Bennington, VT: Merriam Press. ISBN 9781576383711.
- D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN 0-8159-5302-X.
- Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-097-1.
- Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
- Hotta, Eri (2013). Japan 1941: Countdown to Infamy. New York City, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-59401-3.
- Iriye, Akira (1999). Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War: A Brief History With Documents and Essays. Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-14788-0.
- Kershaw, Ian (2008). Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions that Changed the World, 1940-1941. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-311372-0.
- Parshall, Johnathan (2005). Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway. Potomac Books. ISBN 1-57488-923-0.
- Tucker, Spencer C (2011). World War II at Sea:An Encyclopedia. ABC-Clio Inc. ISBN 978-1-59884-457-3.
External links
- Chen, Peter. "Nagano Osami". World War II Database. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials of IJN: Nagano, Osami". Imperial Japanese Navy. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- United States Strategic Bombing Survey. "Interrogations of Japanese officials". Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- "How Japs Fight". Time. 1943-02-15. Archived from the original on March 20, 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
- Brannon, John G. "John G. Brannon Papers". Georgetown Law Library Manuscripts Collection. hdl:10822/555530.
Notes
- ^ Nishida, Imperial Japanese Navy
- ^ a b Nagano Osami at navalhistory.flixco.info
- ^ Tucker, World War II:An Encyclopedia, page 529
- ^ JapaneseBOOK”戸高一成『証言録 海軍反省会』2009”
- ^ Iriye 1999, p. 9.
- ^ Bradley 2014, p. 95.
- ^ Hotta 2013, p. 148.
- ^ Kershaw 2008, pp. 339–341.
- ^ Japanese book,”鳥居民『山本五十六の乾坤一擲』”
- ^ JapaneseBOOK”Takushiro Hattori『大東亜戦争全史』1969”
- ^ Evans. Kaigun. page 528-529
- ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot (2010). History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume 3: The Rising Sun in the Pacific 1931–April 1942. Naval Institute Press. pp. 83–84.
- ^ Strategy Page (accessed 00.51 13 June 2011)
- ^ D’Abas, Death of a Navy
- ^ JapaneseBOOK”Toshio Motoya『【増補版】理論近現代史学 本当の日本の歴史』2017”
- ^ USSBS, Interrogations of Japanese Officials
