Otto Gross
Otto Gross | |
---|---|
Austro-Hungarian Empire | |
Died | 13 February 1920 | (aged 42)
Scientific career | |
Fields | Psychoanalysis |
Otto Hans Adolf Gross (17 March 1877 – 13 February 1920) was an Austrian
His father
A champion of an early form of
Greatly influenced by the philosophy of
He became addicted to drugs in South America where he served as a naval doctor. He was hospitalized several times for drug addiction, sometimes losing his guardianship of himself to his father in the process.[5] As a Bohemian drug user from youth, as well as an advocate of free love, he is sometimes credited as a founding grandfather of 20th-century counterculture.
Contributions to depth psychology
In his 1913 work A Contribution to the Study of Psychological Types, Jung devoted a paragraph to Otto Gross's contributions.
The relation he [Gross] established between manic-depressive insanity and the type with a shallow consciousness shows that we are dealing with extraversion, while the relation between the psychology of the paranoiac and the type with a contracted consciousness indicates the identity with introversion (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 879).
In Jung's monumental work Psychological Types, all of chapter VI, The Type Problem in Psychopathology, analyzes and reconciles Gross's theory as expressed in Die zerebrale Sekundärfunktion (1902) and Über psychopathische Minderwertigkeit (1903).
Gross deserves full credit for being the first to set up a simple and consistent hypothesis to account for this [the extraverted] type (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 466).
In fiction
Otto Gross, played by
According to Brenda Maddox, Otto Gross "talked all the time — even, if his portrait in D.H. Lawrence's novel Mr Noon is accurate, during sexual intercourse."[6]
Death
Gross died of pneumonia, possibly related to drug addiction, in Berlin on 13 February 1920, after being found in the street, near-starved and freezing.[7]
Notes
- ^ Ronald Hayman, A Life of Jung (1999), p. 99.
- ^ Hayman, p. 101.
- .
- ^ Hayman, p. 102.
- ^ Heuer, Gottfried. Otto Gross, 1877-1920, Biographical Survey.
- ^ Maddox, Brenda, Freud's Wizard: The Enigma of Ernest Jones, London: John Murray (Publishers), 2006, p. 55.
- ^ Heuer, Gottfried. Otto Gross, 1877-1920, Biographical Survey.
References
- Jung, C.G. (1971 [1921]). ISBN 0-691-01813-8.
- Le Rider, Jacques (1993). Modernity and Crises of Identity: Culture and Society in Fin-de-siecle Vienna. Verlag: Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-0970-8.
External links
- The responsibility of the Otto Gross Society is to research the social impact of the activity of the doctor, scientist, and revolutionary Otto Gross; to depict his influence on the development of intellectual history in the 20th century; and to make the results of this work publicly accessible through publications and meetings of all kinds.
- Gross, Otto Die Zerebrale Sekundärfunction. Leipzig : F. C. W. Vogel, 1902. Otto Gross Society