Oxymatrine
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IUPAC name
1λ5-Matridine-1,15-dione
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Systematic IUPAC name
(41S,7aS,13aR,13bR)-Dodecahydro-1H,10H-4λ5-dipyrido[2,1-f:3′,2′,1′-ij][1,6]naphthyridine-4,10(5H)-dione | |
Other names
Matrine oxide, matrine N-oxide, matrine 1-oxide
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.106.342 |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C15H24N2O2 | |
Molar mass | 264.369 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Oxymatrine (matrine oxide, matrine N-oxide, matrine 1-oxide) is one of many
Role in cardiac fibrosis
Recent research has shown that oxymatrine prevents
The
In rats, oxymatrine also inhibits the expression of the Smad3 ligand which binds to TGF-β1 type I and activates the signal transduction pathway.[8] A dose–response relationship was observed with increasing intragastric concentrations of oxymatrine resulting in decreased expression of Smad3. By inhibiting this pathway, less collagen was produced and deposited in the heart, preventing the formation of cardiac fibrosis.[8] Huang and Chen (2013) claim that oxymatrine may even be involved in inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 receptors, which would further support that oxymatrine attenuates the signal transduction pathway involved in collagen production.[10] They also reported that inhibition of the TGF-β1 receptor may also prevent ventricular remodeling.[10]
Future studies
Effects of oxymatrine on heart disease in humans has not been studied and the long term side-effects of clinical oxymatrine use have not yet been identified.
In a 2010 study, Oxymatrine was shown to inhibit the development of morphine-induced tolerance associated with decreased expression of P-glycoprotein in rats.[1]
References
- ^ Ma L, Wen S, Zhan Y, He Y, Liu X, Jiang J (2008) Anticancer effects of the Chinese medicine matrine on murine hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Planta Med 74:245–251
- ^ Jiang H, Hou C, Zhang S, Xie H, Zhou W, Jin Q, Cheng X, Qian R, Zhang X (2007) Matrine upregulates the cell cycle protein E2F-1 and triggers apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in K562 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 559:98–108
- ^ Yamazaki M (2000) The pharmacological studies on matrine and oxymatrine. Yakugaku Zasshi 120:1025–1033
- ^ Hong-li, S., Li, L., Shang, L., Zhao, D., Dong, D., Qiao, G., Liu, Y., Chu, W., Yang, B. (2008) Cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of oxymatrine against Ischemic myocardial injuries of rats. Phytotherapy Research 22: 985-989
- ^ Zhang M, Wang X, Wang X, Hou X, Teng P, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Yang X, Tian J, Li G, Cao J, Xu H, Li Y, Wang Y. (2013), Oxymatrine protects against myocardial injury via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in rat septic shock. Mol Mod Rep 7(4): 1293-1299.
- ^ Cao Y, Shan, J, Li, L, Gao, J, Shen, Z, Wang, Y, Xu, C, Sun, H. (2010) Antiarrhythmic Effects and Ionic Mechanisms of Oxymatrine from Sophora flavescens. Phytotherapy Research 24: 1844-1849.
- ^ Hu, S, Tang, Y, Shen, Y, Ao, H, Bai, J, Wang, Y, Yang, Y. (2011) Protective effect of oxymatrine on chronic rat heart failure. J Physiol Sci 61: 363-372.
- ^ a b c Shen, X, Yang, Y, Xiao, T, Peng, J, Liu, X. (2011) Protective effect of oxymatrine on myocardial fibrosis induced by acute myocardial infarction in rats involved in TGF-b1-Smads signal pathway. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 13: 215-224
- ^ Kacimi, R., Gerdes, A. (2003) Alterations in G protein and MAP kinase signaling pathways during cardiac remodeling in hypertension and heart failure. Hypertension 41: 968–977
- ^ a b c Huang, X, Chen, X. (2012) Effect of oxymatrine, the active component from Radix Sophorae flavescentis (Kushen), on ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Phytomedicine 20: 202-212.
- ^ Levy, L, Hill, CS. (2006). Alterations in components of the TGF-β superfamily signaling pathways in human cancer. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews 17(1): 41-58.
- ^ S.J. Wicks, T. Grocott, K. Haros, M. Maillard, P. ten Dijke, and A. Chantry (2006) Reversible ubiquitination regulates the Smad/TGF-beta signalling pathway. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 761-763