Painting in Bihar

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Upanayanam
(the sacred thread ceremony), and marriage. Other styles of this region include Tikuli, Manjusha, and Patna kalam.

History

Prehistoric and Early

rock paintings in Bihar are not only identical to those in central and southern India, but also are similar to those in Europe and Africa. The rock paintings of Spain's Altamira and France's Lascaux are almost identical to those found in Bihar.[6]

Mauryan Era

While we can be sure of Mauryan proficiency in Painting field based on the descriptions of Megasthenes, unfortunately no proper representative has been found to date. Many centuries later, the paintings of the Ajanta Caves, the oldest significant body of Indian painting, show there was a well-developed tradition, which may well stretch back to Mauryan times.

17th to mid-20th

Main article:
Patna Qualam

Those who practiced this art form were the descendants of the

watercolours on paper and on mica. The style's subject matter evolved to include scenes of Indian daily life, local rulers, festivals, and ceremonies. This school of painting formed the basis for the formation of the College of Arts and Crafts, Patna
under the leadership of Shri Radha Mohan.

Post Independence

Vernacular

Mithila Painting

Mithila painting
Main article:
Mithila painting

One is

tulsi are also widely painted, along with scenes from the royal court and social events like weddings. Generally no space is left empty.[9]

Bhojpuri Painting

Bhojpuri painting is a folk painting style that has flourished in the Bhojpuri region of Bihar thousands of years ago.[10] This painting style is a type of wall painting primarily done on temple walls or on walls of the rooms of newly married couples and the main motifs are that of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Although in recent times motifs of natural objects and life and struggles of village people are also depicted to make the painting more acceptable among the common people and bring the style close to reality.

Tikuli Painting

Tikuli painting by Ashok Kumar Biswas

This style involved the making of small

Bindi like dots from thin glass sheets and adorned with gold and silver foils. In modern times, it has been extended to other decorative items.[11]
Tikuli is a type of hand painting and its history spread over 800 years. The painting with its modern evolution and varied manifestations, find its origin in Patna, Bihar.

Tikuli art has a deep historical significance associated with it. Tikuli is the term that is locally used for bindis, which are essentially colorful dots that women wear as accessories between their eyebrows. The basic raw materials used in Tikuli craft is the MDF board and the colors. This is a unique product handcrafted by artisans. This crafts provide livelihood support to about 300-500 artisans families on regular basis in Digha, Danapur and Gai Ghat mahallas of Patna town of Bihar.

Manjusha Painting

Main article:
Manjusha Painting
Manjusha Painting

Manjusha painting, a thick line is used and the hair is shown not with lines but with colors. There is a tradition of showing the five sisters of the poisonous together in a snake-form. Where the character has to show domination, the hair is kept open. The pictures depict Bihula with her open hairstyle and a portrait of Manjusha or Nag in front of it, while the drawing of Mansa depicts the nectar Kalash in the right hand of the goddess and the picture of Nag in the left hand. Embellishments are predominant in women's clothes. Pink, yellow and green colors are mainly used in painting. In some cases, the common auxiliary colors associated with these three colors, such as green and orange, are also used. Black color is used in the human shape to bring out the snake-venom. These colors have esoteric and symbolic meanings. The pink and yellow colors signify excitement and exuberance, while green is a symbol of gloom and growth. The traditional artist of Manjushapainting, Chakravarti Devi used natural colors. But now posters, water, oil and ‘acrylic color’ are being used.

Patna kalam

Tamtam (Horse-drawn carriage) -by Shiv Lal
Main article:
Patna Qualam

Patna Kalam is regarded as an off-shoot of Mughal painting, with influences from Persian and Company (British) styles.[12] The portraits can be clearly seen having colours and linings from Mughal style, and the shading can be seen to be adopted from the British style.[13] Diverging from the Mughal and Persian style of wide and exquisitely decorated borders, Patna Kalam primarily focused on the subject of the painting. Their main subjects were common man, local festivals, ceremonies, bazaar scenes, local rulers, and domestic activities. The paintings were done on diverse surfaces such as paper, mica, and even ivory diskettes, that were used as brooches.[7]

A distinguishing characteristic of Patna Kalam is lack of any landscape, foreground or background. Another characteristic was the development in the shading of solid forms. Patna Kalam paintings are painted straightway with the brush without marking with pencil to delineate the contours of the picture and the procedure of painting is popularly known as 'Kajli Seahi.'[8]

Artist

Sh. Shyam Sharma Sh. Anil Bihari Sh. Vireshwar Bhattacharya

Schools

Patna Qualam) in Bihar
.

Notes

  1. ^ "Rock Cut Cave Tour - Visit Bihar". 7 March 2020. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  2. ^ "Prehistoric era in Bihar". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2021-05-07.
  3. ^ "heritage university" (PDF).
  4. ^ "Paintings Rock painting at Kaimur". Archived from the original on 2009-02-05.
  5. doi:10.5334/aa.12308
    .
  6. ^ "Discovery of rock paintings". Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
  7. ^ a b "Return of the 'Patna Kalam'". 6 March 2010. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Patna Kalam Painting- Origin and Characteristics". Archived from the original on 25 April 2019.
  9. ^ a b Carolyn Brown Heinz, 2006, "Documenting the Image in Mithila Art", Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 5-33
  10. ^ "Bhojpuri Painting". www.artsofindia.in. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
  11. ^ "Tikuli Painting – UMSAS". Retrieved 2021-05-07.
  12. ^ "Patna Kalam - Patna School of Painting Bihar India". www.bharatonline.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 2018-12-25.
  13. ^ Rajya Sabha TV, RSTV Documentary - Patna Kalam, retrieved 2018-12-25

References

Further reading

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