Palatinus in the Catholic Church

Palatinus (plural: Palatini),

papal court

.

Medieval Palatine judges

In the Middle Ages, the

judices palatini (papal

palace judges) were the highest administrative officers of the pope's household; with the growth of the temporal power of the popes they acquired great importance. These judices palatini were

chief were the
papal Chancery and of the archives of the Lateran Palace
.

the nomenculator or adminiculator (originally perhaps two distinct officials), who took charge of, and decided upon, petitions to the pope. (The nomenculator was superseded in the course of the ninth century by the protoscriniarius, or superintendent of the Roman public schools for scribes.)
The
sacellarius were the highest financial officers, custodians of the treasures of the pope's Lateran Palace, who had charge of the receipt and payment of moneys. The vestararius
was the third financial office.

The primicerius defensorum and secundicerius defensorum, being superintendents of the

defensores

, who aided and protected widows, orphans, captives and other needy persons, had the supervision of charitable institutions.

These various offices developed from the end of the fourth century, with the formation of the

Roman curia

, which the judices palatini had previously occupied, and the latter gradually disappeared.

Later papal palatini

In later times, the designation palatini was borne by certain cardinals, whose position brought them into constant relation with the pope, and who resided in the papal palace, and by the highest prelates of the pope's

personal suite

.

For long the cardinales palatini were: the cardinal prodatary, the

Cardinal Secretary of Briefs and the Cardinal Secretary of Memorials. Pope Pius X (1903–1914) abolished the two last-mentioned positions, and Pope Paul VI abolished the Apostolic Dataria

in 1967.

The praelati palatini were:

the majordomo (maggiordomo)

the high chamberlain (maestro di camera)

the auditor of the pope (uditore santissimo)
the pope's theologian (
maestro del sacro palazzo
), who is always a Dominican.

Lay counterparts

In the times of the French kings and of the German emperors, there were comites palatini, counts palatine who originally presided in the High Courts of Justice of a palatinate as representatives of the Crown.
In Germany, the counts palatine were entrusted, after
Emperor Charles IV
(1346–78), had various powers, partly judicial, partly administrative.
In medieval Poland, a Palatyn (Palatinus) was initially the highest title at the King's court. Later, every local Prince had his own Palatinus, often the actual ruler of a Duchy. With the partial reunification of the Kingdom, the ducal Palatini remained in their place and ruled the Principalities (later renamed to Palatinates, Palatinatus) under the King. The title got merged with that of Wojewoda (Dux Exercituum, Herzog). A son of a Palatinus was titled Wojewodzic (Palatinida) and would often become a Palatinus at his father's death, but these titles never became officially hereditary and formally remained granted for lifetime by the King. In the early 20th century, the palatinal families (rodziny wojewodzińskie, descendants of the Palatini), remained the highest strata of Poland's aristocracy.

Sources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911). "Palatini". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.