Pancharatna Kriti
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The Pancharatna kritis (transliterated as Pañcaratna kṛti) (
Tyagaraja and the Pancharatna Kritis
Composition
The Pancharatna kritis were written in praise of the
The Pancharatna Kritis are:
- Jagadananda Karaka (Ragam Natai)
- Duduku gala (Ragam Goula)
- Sadhinchene (Ragam Arabhi)
- Kanakana Ruchira (Ragam Varali)
- Endaro Mahanubhavulu (Shree Ragam)
The melodic forms of these compositions (Nata, Goula, Arabhi, Varali, Sri) are the five Ghana ragas of Carnatic music, also called the ghanapanchaka. These five ragas lend themselves to elaborate improvisations.[2] They are so called because they are suited for playing tanam on the veena. Nata and Varali are the most ancient of the Carnatic ragas and date back to over a thousand years ago.
A particularly difficult musical challenge has been taken up successfully by Tyagaraja in three of these compositions. The raga Naata has a particularly distinctive use of the dhaivatam note or
Lyrical synopsis
Jagadānanda kārakā
In this song, Tyagaraja praises
Duḍukugala nannē dora koḍuku brōchurā yentō
In this second Pancharatna Kriti composed in
Sādhinchene ō manasā
This Pancharatna Kriti was composed in Telugu and has been set to Arabhi raga. It is written in a playful tone, rich with metaphor and simile without a surfeit of adjectives - all the while arresting the attention of the singers. In this kriti, Tyagaraja sings the greatness of the lord Krishna in a lucid manner. The style adopted in this kriti is very sweet in comparison with the other four.
Kana kana ruci rā kanaka vasana ninnu
This is the least sung or performed of the five Pancharatna Kritis composed in Telugu, but it is considered by some to be the most lingering and beautiful. It describes the divine beauty of Sri Rama, whom Tyagaraja worshiped. He says that the more he Tyagaraja looks upon His beautiful features, the more his mind is attracted to Him Sri Rama.[3] This composition is rarely taught, and rarely heard in concerts, owing to the raga it is set to Varali raga.
Endarō mahānubhāvulu
Endarō mahānubhāvulu is believed to be one of the earlier kritis Tyagaraja composed in
Miscellaneous
M. S. Subbulakshmi, Maharajapuram Santhanam, and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are among the hundreds of great Indian classical vocalists who have brought these kritis closer to the modern world.
References
- ^ Prasad Sundararajan. "Sri Tyagaraja's Life and Songs". Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
- ^ Pancharatna Kritis: Information and Much More from Answers.com
- ^ "Saint Thyagaraja's Ghana Raga Pancharatnams". indian-heritage. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
External links
- Raga Nata
- https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122201/http://www.esnips.com/doc/872abe7c-0325-455a-9389-495e6709c8be/Kanakanaruchira
- https://web.archive.org/web/20080727024355/http://www.esnips.com/web/Pancharatna-Kriti/
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUi5MJuCemM (Majestic Nattai)
- Meaning, Word by Word
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUdls4HJ6Wo Jagadananda Karaka - Balamuralikrishna - Tyagaraja Pancharatna Kriti