Panguna mine

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Panguna mine
Copper ore concentrator undergoing construction, c. 1971
Location
Panguna mine is located in Bougainville Island
Panguna mine
Panguna mine
Autonomous Region of Bougainville
CountryPapua New Guinea
Coordinates6°18′54″S 155°29′42″E / 6.315°S 155.495°E / -6.315; 155.495
Production
Products
TypeOpen pit
History
Opened1972
Closed1989
Owner
CompanyBougainville Copper

The Panguna mine is a large

ore copper and twelve million ounces of gold.[1][2]
The mine has been closed since 1989 and has ceased all production.

History

The discovery of vast copper ore deposits in

Conzinc Rio Tinto of Australia. The mine began production in 1972, with the support of the Papua New Guinea National Government as a 20% shareholder. In contrast to this, the Bougainvilleans received 0.5–1.25% share of the total profit. The site was at the time the world's largest open-pit copper/gold mine, generating 12% of PNG's GDP[3] and over 45% of the nation's export revenue.[4]

Profits derived from the mine helped fund Papua New Guinea's independence from Australia, in 1975.[5]

Mining at Panguna included the direct discharge of

flying fox on the island. Bougainville Copper had set up a system of racial segregation on the island, with one set of facilities for white workers and one set for locals. This led to an uprising in 1988, led by Francis Ona, a Panguna landowner and commander of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army. The outcome of the uprising was the Bougainville conflict, between the BRA, who sought secession from PNG, and the Papua New Guinea Defence Force. The ten-year conflict resulted in over 20,000 deaths, as well as the eventual closure of the mine on 15 May 1989, and the complete withdrawal of BCL personnel by 24 March 1990. It has remained closed to this day.[7]

In June 2016, Rio Tinto relinquished its role by divesting its interests in the mine to national and local governments.[8] In 2020, the Human Rights Law Centre lodged a complaint with the Australian government regarding adverse environmental and human rights impacts of the mine.[9]

Environmental impacts

The environmental impacts of the mine continue to this day. Many people have had to relocate to higher ground to avoid contaminated drinking water.[9] Heavy metals such as copper, zinc, and mercury are found in the surrounding rivers.[10] Rio Tinto has refused to fund remediation works, stating that it fully complied with the relevant laws during mining operations.[8]

Reopening

The autonomous government of Bougainville wants to reopen the mine for the purposes of seeking an independent funding source.[10] Estimates place the cost of reopening the mine at $5 to $6 billion.[10]

Gallery

  • Ore mill at Panguna, Boungainville mine under construction, c. 1971
    Ore mill at Panguna, Boungainville mine under construction, c. 1971
  • Shovel at Panguna mine undergoing maintenance, engaged in overburden removal, c. 1971.
    Shovel at Panguna mine undergoing maintenance, engaged in overburden removal, c. 1971.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Panguna Copper Project". portergeo.com. 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  2. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  3. ^ Mcdonald, Joshua. "Will Bougainville Reopen the Panguna Mine?". thediplomat.com. The Diplomat.
  4. ^ "Panguna | Papua New Guinea". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  5. SBS
    . 22 November 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  6. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140375
    . Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  7. ^ "History of Panguna mine". Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  8. ^ a b Skidmore, Zachary (6 September 2021). "Rio Tinto and the legacy of the Panguna mine". Mining Technology. Verdict Media. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  9. ^ a b Swanston, Tim; Gunga, Theckla (6 June 2023). "Bougainville's destructive goldmine could also be its $90 billion key to independence". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  10. ^ a b c Wilson, Catherine (6 May 2022). "Bougainville starts process to reopen controversial Panguna mine". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 June 2023.

External links

Media related to Panguna mine at Wikimedia Commons

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