Passport fraud
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Passport fraud is an act of
One way to commit passport fraud is through the creation of a fake passport or camouflage passport.
Misusing a passport is a crime in many jurisdictions.
China
The Passport Law of the
United States
Passport fraud is a federal crime.
In 1940, the State and Justice Department convicted American Community Party members Earl Browder and Welwel Warszower of "unlawful use of passports."[4]
c. 1977, the State Department discovered 900 cases of passport fraud a year.[5]
Committing the crime
Passport fraud is usually committed by:
- Stealing the identity of a deceased person to use their passport
- Using false documents; i.e. fake birth certificate
- Using stolen or modified passports, such as altering the photo I.D portion of an old passport
- Circumventing the parent signatures required for the passport of a person 16 years or younger[6]
Violations
Possible violations of the following statutes are investigated by the United States Diplomatic Security Service:
- 18 U.S.C. 1541 Issuance Without Authority
- 18 U.S.C. 1542 False Statement in Application and Use of Passport
- 18 U.S.C. 1543 Forgery or False Use of Passport
- 18 U.S.C. 1544 Misuse of Passport
- 18 U.S.C. 1546 Fraud and Misuse of Visas, Permits, and Other Documents
- 18 U.S.C. 371 Conspiracy to Commit Offense or to Defraud the United States
- 18 U.S.C. 911 False Claim to Citizenship
- 18 U.S.C. 1028 Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Identification Documents and Information
Statutes do not specify that the passport must be a US passport.
Conviction
If a person lied on a passport application form, they can be fined up to $250,000 and sentenced up to 10 years in prison. If the crime includes
See also
References
- ^ "18 U.S. Code § 1543 - Forgery or false use of passport". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
- ^ a b c Bureau of Diplomatic Security. "Passport and Visa Fraud". U.S. Department of State.
- ^ "Passport Law of the People's Republic of China". www.china-embassy.org. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ Records and Briefs of the United States Supreme Court. Harvard Law School Library. 1957.
- ^ Investigations, United States Congress Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on (1982). Federal Identification Fraud: Hearings Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-seventh Congress, Second Session, June 15 and 16, and September 23, 1982. U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ^ "Passport and Visa Fraud: A Quick Course". 2009-2017.state.gov.