Pausa
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In
Characteristics
Some
The opposite environment is relevant in Spanish, whose voiced fricatives become stops post-pausa and after nasals. Such environments are often termed pre-pausal and post-pausal, respectively. The phrases in pausa and pausal form are often taken to mean at the end of a prosodic unit, in pre-pausal position, as pre-pausal effects are more common than post-pausal effects.
Very commonly, such allophones are described as occurring "word-initially" or "word-finally", as opposed to other allophones found "word-medially", because that is a more accessible phrasing for most readers. However, that phrasing is accurate only for a word in citation form. It is not always clear in the description of a language whether an alleged word-boundary allophone is actually defined by the word boundary, as opposed to being pausal allophones being defined by prosodic boundaries.
Examples
In English, the last stressed syllable before a pausa receives
English words that have
In some dialects of English, the voiced fricatives devoice when they are in pausa,[3] making the /z/ a [z̥] in "a loud buzz" but remaining a [z] in "a buzz that's loud".
In
In Spanish, voiced fricative/approximants [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞, ʝ̞] are pronounced as stops [b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ] after a pausa and after a nasal.
In
In Kombe, a word-final high tone becomes low or downstepped in pausa.
In
In
See also
- Sandhi
- Line break (poetry)
- Ellipsis
- Prosody (linguistics) § Pause
- Citation form
References
- ^ pausa, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, on Perseus
- ^ παῦσις, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus
- ^ Saito, Hiroko (1994). "Devoicing of Word-Final /z/ in English" (PDF). Area and Culture Studies. 49: 139–161.
- ISBN 978-965-342-945-1.
- ISBN 978-90-272-4837-4.
- ^ González, Hebe Alicia (2005). A Grammar of Tapiete (Tupi-Guarani). University of Pittsburgh. pp. 54–55.