Pavel Zhigarev
Pavel Fyodorovich Zhigarev | |
---|---|
Chief Marshal of Aviation | |
Commands held | Soviet Air Forces |
Battles/wars |
|
Awards | Order of Lenin (twice) Order of the Red Banner (three times) Order of Kutuzov First Class Order of the Red Star |
Pavel Fyodorovich Zhigarev (Па́вел Фёдорович Жи́гарев; November 6, 1900 – August 2, 1963) was a Soviet-Russian commander-in-chief of the
Early life and education
Zhigarev was born on November 6, 1900, to a poor peasant family in the village of Brikovo, located in present-day Tver Oblast.[1] He joined the Red Army in 1919[1] and fought in the Russian Civil War.[2] While serving the Red Army, he attended Cavalry School and switched to a cavalry unit after graduating in 1922.[2] He turned to the Air Force after the civil war, graduating from Military Pilot School in 1927 and the N. E. Zhukovskii Air Force Academy in 1932.[1]
Rise to prominence
In 1937, Zhigarev became the commander of 52nd Light Bomber Aviation Brigade, his first major command position. From 1937–38, he was also the Deputy Military Attaché to
World War II
Operation Barbarossa
Before the outbreak of the
Zhigarev's promotion to the position of Commander of the Air Force was largely due to the elimination of high-ranking officers in the Great Purge. The Air Force, or VVS as it was then called, suffered particularly badly in the Purge, and Zhigarev's three predecessors (Aleksandr Loktionov, Yakov Smushkevich, and Pavel Rychagov) were all executed in 1941 by the NKVD for perceived military failures.[4]
Zhigarev was the Commander of the Air Force during the entirety of
Vyazma and Operation Hannover
As the speed of the German advance slowed and the VVS began reasserting itself, the Soviets launched a major operation which became the Battles of Rzhev. In particular, Zhigarev presided over the Vyazma airborne operation, a major operation conducted by the 4th Airborne Corps which was intended to cut off German supply and communication lines. However, the operation was not a success, and airborne elements were eliminated by German forces in Operation Hannover.[9] As a result, Zhigarev's stint as Commander of the Air Force lasted only a short time, as he was replaced in 1942 by Alexander Novikov. He then returned to serve as the Commanding Officer of the Far Eastern Front Air Forces.[1][3]
Soviet–Japanese War
In 1945 he became the Commanding Officer of the 10th Air Army,[3] participating in the Soviet–Japanese War,[1] and was then transferred to the 29th Air Army in the same year.[10] In the Soviet-Japanese War, the Soviets began with 5,368 aircraft, against only 1,800 Japanese aircraft,[11] of which only 50 were first-line.[12] The Soviet-Japanese War was in many ways a perfect operation for the Red Army, as Japanese forces collapsed rapidly and the entirety of Manchukuo was liberated within days.[7]
Post-war
From 1946–49 Zhigarev simultaneously served as the First Deputy Commander in Chief of the Air Force and as the Commander in Chief of Long Range Aviation. In 1949 he returned once again as the Commander in Chief of the Air Force, a position that he would hold until 1957.[3] During this period he was also the Deputy Minister of War (1949–53), the Deputy Minister of Defence, (1953–55), and the Chief Marshal of Aviation (1955–59). From 1959 to his death in 1963, he was the Commandant of the Military Command Academy of Air Defence.[1][3]
He held the non-military position of Head of Main Directorate of Civil Aviation from 1957–59.[3]
Political career
Zhigarev was a deputy in the third, fourth, and fifth convocations of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, and also a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1952–61.[1]
Honours
Order of Lenin, twice (22 October 1941, 21 February 1945)[1] | |
Order of the Red Banner, thrice (14 March 1938, 3 November 1944, 2 September 1950) | |
Order of Kutuzov, 1st class (8 September 1945) | |
Order of the Red Star (25 May 1936) | |
Medal "For the Defence of Moscow" (1 May 1944) | |
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (9 May 1945) | |
Medal "For the Victory over Japan" (30 September 1945) | |
Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" (22 February 1938) | |
Jubilee Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy" (22 February 1948) | |
Jubilee Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (18 December 1957) | |
Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow" (20 September 1947) |
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Zhigarev, Pavel Fyodorovich". The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Third ed.). Gale Group. 1979. Retrieved August 11, 2023.
- ^ a b Cheltsov, B.F. (November 2000). "Outstanding Aviation Commander P.F. Zhigarev (His 100th Birthday)". Military Thought. 9 (6). East View Publications: 85. Retrieved August 11, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Zhigarev". Retrieved 21 September 2013.
- ^ Thomas, Nigel. World War II Soviet Armed Forces (1): 1939-41. Osprey Publishing.
- ^ World War II Chronicle, 2007. Legacy/ Publications International, Ltd. Page 146.
- ISBN 978-1-906537-18-0
- ^ a b Beevor, Antony (2012). The Second World War. Great Britain: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
- ISBN 978-1-877853-13-5
- .
- ^ "29th Air Army". Retrieved 21 September 2013.
- ISBN 0-7006-0899-0, p. 300
- ^ Hayashi, S. (1955). Study of Strategic and Tactical peculiarities of Far Eastern Russia and Soviet Far East Forces. Japanese Special Studies on Manchuria (Report). Vol. XIII. Tokyo: Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, US Army.