Pax Nicephori
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Pax Nicephori,
Failed negotiations of 803
On Christmas Day in 800 AD,
Further talks between 803 and 806
Though Nikephoros always refused to recognize Charlemagne's imperial title, envoys of the East and West made agreements over the possession of disputed Italian territory, namely, the provinces of
War and peace, 806–814
Temporary shift of Venetian loyalties toward the
Thus the name pax Nicephori may be justifiably applied to this second episode of diplomatic activity. However, only
The peace of Aachen in 812 confirmed Dalmatian Croatia, except for the Byzantine cities and islands, as under Frankish domain.[3][1] The boundaries in Dalmatia imposed by this treaty were unclear, so in 817 Leo V sent en embassy to Aachen to clarify them.[1] The result was a joint Frankish and Byzantine expedition to Dalmatia to get the input of the local Romans and Slavs and firmly delimit the borders.[1]
Buffer states
The common belief that the negotiations between Byzantium and the Franks that were held in the early ninth century made Venice an 'independent polity' is only based on the late, allusive and biased witness of Venetian chroniclers such as John the Deacon and Andrea Dandolo and remains therefore highly questionable.
Sources and documents
No text of either the treaty, its draft or the preceding negotiations is preserved, apart from a handful of alleged quotations in a mid-century deliberation of Emperor
References
- ^ a b c d e f Fine, John V. A., Jr. (2006). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods, University of Michigan Press.
- ^ Flavio Biondo, Historiarum ab inclinatione romanorum imperii, II, l. II (Basel 1531, p. 167).
- ^ Dzino 2010, p. 183
Sources
- Dzino, Danijel (2010). Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia. Brill. ISBN 9789004186460.
- Roberto CESSI. Pacta Veneta, 1–2. Archivio Veneto 4–5 (1928–1929).
- John Julius Norwich. A History of Venice. New York 1982.
- Translation of letter from Charlemagne to Nikephoros I in 811.