Penalty shootout
The penalty shootout is a method of determining a winner in sports matches that would have otherwise been drawn or tied. The rules for penalty shootouts vary between sports and even different competitions; however, the usual form is similar to penalty shots in that a single player takes one shot on goal from a specified spot, the only defender being the goalkeeper. If the result is still tied, the shootout usually continues on a "goal-for-goal" basis, with the teams taking shots alternately, and the one that scores a goal unmatched by the other team is declared the winner. This may continue until every player has taken a shot, after which players may take extra shots, until the tie is broken, and is also known as "sudden death".
Rationale
A penalty shootout is normally used only in "no ties allowed" situations (for example, a tournament where the losers must be eliminated) and where other methods such as
Sports
Sports in which a penalty shootout may be used include:
Association football
Penalty shootouts, properly known as "kicks from the penalty mark" and a nickname of "spot kicks", are used as a tie-breaking measure in many knock-out tournaments or cup competitions where matches cannot end in a draw. If scores are level after regular time and
Cricket
As a tiebreaker, players from both teams take turns attempting to throw the ball at a wicket, with sudden death initiating after both teams have had five attempts. This method is no longer used in international cricket.
Field hockey
Gaelic games
Since c. 2010 penalty shootouts have occasionally been used to decide knockout games in the Gaelic games of
They were first used in some club competitions.[2] Rules vary between tournaments, but in general five players are chosen to face the goalkeeper, who must defend the goals alone (previously, in hurling and camogie, three players defended against a penalty). In addition, only goals count: in normal play, hitting the ball over the bar and between the post scores a point (1⁄3 of a goal), but this does not count in a shootout (However, there have been some contests, where points were counted in a shootout.)[3] If the teams are still tied after five pucks or kicks, sudden death is entered, with the same five players being used for the sudden death shots.[4]
Shootouts were used in the "sevens" All-Ireland in 2013[5] and the ladies' football Interprovincial Championships in 2014.[6]
Alternatives to penalty shootouts include the use of free-taking shoot-outs, taken from a distance of 65 m (71 yd) in hurling, and 45 m (49 yd) or 33 m (36 yd) in Gaelic football, or 30 m (33 yd) in ladies' football.[7] In these competitions, only points counted, with a goal counted as a miss. The GAA's Central Council backed a move to penalty shootouts in 2018.[8][9]
The first penalty shootout in an inter-county competition was when Down defeated Offaly in the 2020 Christy Ring Cup.[10][11]
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Handball
If a game is tied after regular time and a clear winner is necessary (like in knockout tournaments), it would proceed to two 5-minute periods of overtime with a 1-minute break before each. If the scores are still tied, a second overtime of 2x5 minutes is played. If the game is still tied after 2 overtimes, the game goes into a penalty shootout. Five players per side throw 7-meters-penalties, if still tied, one player per side take a penalty throw until a decision is found, which is the same procedure as in association football.
Ice hockey
If the score remains tied after an overtime period, the subsequent shootout consists of a set number of players from each team (3 in the
In many European leagues a team receives three points for a regulation win and two for an overtime or shootout win, with the losing team's points awarded in the same manner as in North America. Regardless of the number of goals scored during the shootout by either team, the final score awards the winning team one more goal than the score at the end of regulation time (or overtime).
In many North American minor leagues, the player that scores the shootout-winning goal is credited with one shot on goal and one goal. The losing goaltender of the shootout is credited with one shot against, one goal against, and an overtime/shootout loss. North American professional hockey does not allow shootouts in post-season play, and instead will play multiple 20-minute sudden-death overtime periods as are needed until a team scores. The official IIHF name of the procedure is game-winning shots (GWS). In some European countries, the post-game penalty shots are unofficially known as "bullets".[17][18]
Rugby union
In
Water polo
Following a tie in regulation, 5 players and a goalkeeper are chosen by the coaches of each team. Players shoot from the 5 meter line alternately at either end of the pool in turn until all five have taken a shot. If the score is still tied, the same players shoot alternately until one team misses and the other scores. The scores from the penalty shootout are added to the score instead of being counted as a separate score as in other sports. Colleges have no such shootout procedure; teams play two straight 3-minute periods, and if still tied play multiple 3-minute golden goal periods.
American football
In the revived
Since the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season, if a game reaches triple overtime, teams alternate running two-point plays, instead of starting another drive at the opponent's 25-yard line.[21]
Other uses
Penalty shootouts are also used on a few
- The final round of The Weakest Linkinvolves the remaining two contestants having to answer a series of three to five questions each (depending on the version); the player who answered more questions correctly in the previous round has the option to choose who goes first. Whoever has more correct answers at the end of the round is declared the winner; in the event of tie, the round goes to sudden death, where questions continue to be asked to every player until one contestant answers correctly and his or her opponent answers incorrectly.
- The Rich Listuses a penalty shootout tiebreaker where the two teams are asked questions about the same subject until one team answers correctly and the other team answers incorrectly. Whoever gives the last correct answer in the tiebreaker advances to the bonus round.
See also
References
- ^ O'Toole, Fintan. "Penalties viewed as cruel by some but what is the just way to conclude a GAA championship tie?". The42.
- ^ "2009 News/ Match Report Archive - Raheens GAA". www.raheens.gaa.ie.
- ^ "Log into Facebook". Facebook.
{{cite web}}
: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ Murphy, Jordan (October 31, 2021). "Sudden death win for Legion in first Kerry county SFC shootout". Irish Examiner.
- ^ "Corofin gain revenge over St Gall's with Kilmacud Sevens victory". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Gemma Begley stars as Ulster ladies seal three-in-a-row". independent.
- ^ "Ladies Senior Football Final Weekend In Two Counties". Midlands 103.
- ^ "WATCH: Penalty shoot-out drama as Laois minors see off Wexford following marathon encounter". 26 June 2021.
- ^ Fogarty, John (October 29, 2020). "Explained: How will a GAA penalty shootout work?". Irish Examiner.
- ^ "Great Scenes In Newry As Down Shock Offaly In Christy Ring Semi-Final". Balls.ie. 15 November 2020.
- ^ "Down hurlers pulled off shock of the year yesterday". Hogan Stand. 15 November 2020.
- ^ Bernard Brogan
- ^ Kisbey-Green, Stephen. "'They have to go!' | Tommy Walsh on penalty shootouts". OTB Sports.
- ^ "68% of fans say penalty shootouts 'not right' for Gaelic football - Killarney Advertiser". killarneyadvertiser.ie. November 27, 2021.
- ^ Fallon, John. "Connacht GAA to go ahead with indoor FBD League matches in January". The Irish Times.
- ^ O’Connor, Christy (December 28, 2021). "Penalty shoot-outs in the GAA: High drama or awful end?". Irish Examiner.
- ^ Jeff Z. Klein, "Hockey Night in Europe: Goodbye, Columbus", New York Times, Oct. 25, 2008
- ^ V. Lychyk, "English borrowings in recent Soviet Russian", Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics 29 (1994), p. 153.
- ^ "Blues 26–26 Leicester (aet)". BBC Sport. 3 May 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
- ^ "XFL Rules". XFL. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ "Targeting protocols approved for football". NCAA. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2020.