Perforated ulcer

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Perforated ulcer
Other namesRuptured ulcer
peptic ulcer
TreatmentImmediate surgery

A perforated ulcer is a condition in which an untreated

ulcer has burned through the mucosal wall in a segment of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., the stomach or colon) allowing gastric contents to leak into the abdominal cavity
.

Signs and symptoms

A perforated ulcer can be grouped into a

intestine wall. The first symptom of a perforated peptic ulcer is usually sudden, severe, sharp pain in the abdomen.[1] The pain is typically at its maximum immediately and persists. It is characteristically made worse by any movement, and greatly intensifies with coughing or sneezing.[citation needed
]

Causes

Causes include alcohol, smoking, consuming highly acidic foods and beverages (such as coffee), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).[2]

Diagnosis

The ulcer is known initially as a peptic ulcer before the ulcer burns through the full thickness of the stomach or duodenal wall. A diagnosis is made by taking an erect abdominal/chest X-ray (seeking air under the diaphragm). This is in fact one of the very few occasions in modern times where surgery is undertaken to treat an ulcer.[3] Many perforated ulcers have been attributed to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.[4]

Treatment

Treatment generally requires immediate surgery.[5]

Prognosis

Perforated peptic ulcer is a serious condition with an overall reported mortality of 5%–25%, rising to as high as 50% with age.[6] The incidence of perforated ulcer is steadily declining, though there are still incidents where it occurs.[2]

Notable cases

  • Richard Pankhurst (1835–1897, aged 62) had a perforated ulcer and died on 5 July 1897.
  • Thomas Preston (1860–1900, aged 39 or 40) had a perforated ulcer and died in 1900.[7]
  • Rudolph Valentino (1895–1926, aged 31) had a perforated ulcer and died on August 23, 1926.
  • Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936, aged 70) died of perforated duodenal ulcer on 18 January 1936.
  • James Joyce (1882–1941, aged 58) had a perforated ulcer and died on January 13, 1941, in Zürich.
  • Guy Rochon Owen (1913–1952, aged 38) had a perforated ulcer, and died on April 21, 1952.
  • Charlie Parker (1920–1955, aged 34) had a perforated ulcer, and died on March 12, 1955.
  • Albert Blithe (1923–1967, aged 44) had a perforated ulcer and died on December 17, 1967.
  • Gene Vincent (1935–1971, aged 36) had a ruptured stomach ulcer and died on October 12, 1971. [8]
  • J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973, aged 81) had a perforated ulcer and died on September 2, 1973.
  • Count Dante (1939–1975, aged 36) died of internal hemorrhaging caused by a bleeding ulcer, on May 25, 1975.
  • Ian Hendry (1931—1984, aged 53) died of a stomach haemorrhage in London.
  • Gene Clark (1944–1991, aged 46) had perforated ulcer and died on May 24, 1991.
  • Doug Hepburn (1926–2000, aged 74) had a perforated ulcer and died on November 22, 2000.
  • Philip Agee (1935–2008, aged 72) had a perforated ulcer and died on January 7, 2008.
  • Barbara Bush (1925–2018, aged 92) was treated for a perforated ulcer in November 2008.[9]
  • Tara Palmer-Tomkinson (1971–2017, aged 45) had a perforated ulcer and died on February 8, 2017.[10]

References

  1. PMID 30855910
    , retrieved 2019-10-30
  2. ^
    S2CID 1922972
    .
  3. ^ "Peptic ulcers – treatment". Retrieved 2008-01-21.
  4. ^ "Surgical-tutor.org.uk – a free online surgical resource". Archived from the original on 2003-02-17. Retrieved 2003-02-17.
  5. ^ "Stomach ulcer – Better Health Channel".
  6. PMID 17439661
    .
  7. ^ "Internet Archive Search: creator:"Preston, Thomas, 1860–1900"". recall.archive.org.
  8. ^ Gene Vincent
  9. ^ "Barbara Bush hospitalized".
  10. ^ "Palmer-Tomkinson 'died due to ulcer'". BBC News. 15 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.

Further reading

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