Philanthropinism
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (May 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Philanthropinism (also philanthropism) comes from the Greek φίλος (friend) and άνθρωπος (human). It was an educational reform movement in the
History
Philanthropinism was a movement that founded by the German educator
In order to implement his philanthropinist ideas, Basedow wrote a booklet called "Das Noethigste aus der Vorstellung an Menschenfreunde" (Introduction of what is Important to Friends of Humanity (Philanthropists)) wherein her lays out his plans for a new series of illustrated books (later to become his Elementarwerk) and the founding of a school to utilize his education methods. Basedow distributed this booklet to his many wealthy friends and contacts to solicit funding for his new ideas. He gathered substantial financial help from many contributors (Philanthropists) most notably the Empress of Russia, the King of Denmark, the Prince of Dessau and the Prince of Basel. In 1774, The Prince of Dessau was so impressed by Basedow's ideas that he provided a section of his Dessau Palace to hold the school. Basedow called the "Philanthropinum, a school for Philanthropists, Learners and Teachers". Basedow directed the school and taught there as well. The basic principles of his education system are: 1) Everything taught must be taught according to the laws of Nature. 2) The formation of character is more valuable than the acquisition of knowledge. 3) One gains knowledge best through sense perceptions. 4) The teacher must ensure that the student is happy while learning, otherwise the student's ability to learn will be reduced.
Robert Sumser summarises Basedow’s emphasis as being on a "cosmopolitan, nonconfessional, and pragmatic system of education [which] proved inspirational to a younger generation of pedagogues."
Philanthropinism was a comparatively short-lived movement (late eighteenth to early nineteenth century) but influential in the later development of pedagogy, for instance by introducing nonconfessional religious education or physical education.[
Well-known philanthropinists
- Johann Bernhard Basedow (1724–1790)
- Joachim Heinrich Campe (1746–1818)
- Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811)
- Ernst Christian Trapp (1745–1818)
- Friedrich Eberhard von Rochow (1734–1805)
- Christian Heinrich Wolke (1746–1806)
- Peter Villaume (1746–1825)
- Martin Ehlers (1732–1800)
- Friedrich Gabriel Resewitz (1729–1806)
- Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–1792)
- Friedrich Gedike (1754–1803)
- Philipp Julius Lieberkühn (1754–1788)
- Johann Georg Büsch (1728–1800)
- Gottlieb Konrad Pfeffel (1736–1809)
- Caroline Rudolphi (1754–1811)
- Christoph Daniel Ebeling (1741–1817)
- Gottfried Nathanael Fischer (1748–1800)
- Gottfried Benedict Funk (1734–1814)
- Karl Philipp Moritz (1756–1793)
- Hermann Baerwald (1828–1907)
- Franz Joseph Molitor(1779–1860)
- Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786)
References
- ^ "Philanthropinism". New Advent. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
- ^ Stranner, Bettina (2011). "Die Ziele und Zwecke der Erziehung im Philanthropismus. Erziehungstheorie und -praxis des Philanthropismus" (PDF). E-Theses University of Vienna. pp. 58f.
- ^ Apgar, Richard B. (2008). "Taming Travel and Disciplining Reason: Enlightenment and Pedagogy in the Work of Joachim Heinrich Campe". Carolina Digital Repository. p. 23.
- ISBN 9780521418546.
- ISBN 9780521418546.
- ISBN 9780521418546.
- JSTOR 1430362.
- ^ Stranner, Bettina (2011). "Die Ziele und Zwecke der Erziehung im Philanthropismus. Erziehungstheorie und -praxis des Philanthropismus" (PDF). E-Theses University of Vienna. p. 155.
- JSTOR 1430362.
- ^ a b Stranner, Bettina (2011). "Die Ziele und Zwecke der Erziehung im Philanthropismus. Erziehungstheorie und -praxis des Philanthropismus" (PDF). E-Theses University of Vienna. p. 142.
- ^ Stranner, Bettina (2011). "Die Ziele und Zwecke der Erziehung im Philanthropismus. Erziehungstheorie und -praxis des Philanthropismus" (PDF). E-Theses University of Vienna. p. 126.
- ^ Ewers, Hans-Heino (2005). "German Children's Literature from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century". In Hunt, Peter (ed.). International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature. London: Routledge. p. 729.