Piora Oscillation
The Piora Oscillation was an abrupt cold and wet period in the
The spatial extent of the change is unclear; it does not show up as a major, or even identifiable, event in hemispheric temperature reconstructions.
First detection
The phenomenon is named after the Val Piora or Piora Valley in Switzerland, where it was first detected; some of the most dramatic evidence of the Piora Oscillation comes from the region of the Alps.[1] Glaciers advanced in the Alps, apparently for the first time since the Holocene climatic optimum; the Alpine tree line dropped by 100 meters. In the Middle East, the surface of the Dead Sea rose nearly 100 meters (300 feet), then receded to a more usual level. It also triggered the collapse of the Uruk period, through decreased temperatures and increased rainfall,[2] which were believed to contribute to Babylonian and Hebrew flood myths.[3]
Link to horse domestication
The Piora Oscillation has also been linked to the domestication of the horse. In Central Asia, a colder climate favored the use of horses: "The horse, since it was so adept at foraging with snow on the ground, tended to replace cattle and sheep."[4] The Piora period seems associated with a period of colder drier air over the Western and Eastern Mediterranean, and may have depressed rainfalls as far afield as the Middle East. It is also associated with a sudden onset of drier weather in the central Sahara.
Causes
The cause or causes of the Piora Oscillation are debated. A
It may also be caused by changes in
See also
Notes
- ^ Lamb, pp. 124, 128, 143.
- ISBN 9780197521014.
- ^ Lamb, p. 128.
- ^ Matossian, p. 43.
- ^ Hou & Wu 2020, p. 13.
References
- Baronia, Carlo; Orombelli, Giuseppe (1996). "The Alpine "Iceman" and Holocene Climatic Change". Quaternary Research. 46 (1): 78–83. S2CID 128772817.
- Burroughs, William J. (2003). Climate: Into the 21st Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79202-9.
- Caseldine, C.; Thompson, G.; Langdon, C.; Hendon, D. (2005). "Evidence for an extreme climatic event on Achill Island, Co. Mayo, Ireland around 5200–5100 cal. yr BP". Journal of Quaternary Science. 20 (2): 169–178. S2CID 140619228.
- Hou, Mei; Wu, Wen Xiang (5 December 2020). "A review of 6000-5000 cal BP climatic anomalies in China". Quaternary International. 571: 58–72. ISSN 1040-6182.
- Lamb, Hubert H. (1995). Climate, History, and the Modern World. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-12735-1.
- Magny, Michel; Haas, Jean Nicolas (2004). "A major widespread climatic change around 5300 cal. yr BP at the time of the Alpine Iceman". Journal of Quaternary Science. 19 (5): 423–430. S2CID 128697360.
- Matossian, Mary A. K. (1997). Shaping World History: Breakthroughs in Ecology, Technology, Science, and Politics. New York: M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-0061-7.
- Wick, Lucia; Tinner, Willy (1997). "Vegetation Changes and Timberline Fluctuations in the Central Alps as Indicators of Holocene Climatic Oscillations". Arctic and Alpine Research. 29 (4): 445–458. JSTOR 1551992.