Popular Liberal Action

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Popular Liberal Action
Action libérale populaire
President
Sacred Union
(1914–1918)
Colours  Light blue

The Popular Liberal Action (

center-right, primarily to oppose the left-wing Republican coalition led by Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau and Émile Combes who pursued an anti-clerical
agenda designed to weaken the Catholic Church, especially its role in education. The ALP between 1901 in 1914 had its best election in 1902, with 78 deputies. It built a nationwide newspaper and propaganda network, had excellent funding. There were 1200 local committees, with 200,000 dues paying members in 1906.

History

The Liberal Action was founded in 1901 by

Rerum Novarum
".

Action libérale was the parliamentary group from which the political party emerged, adding the word populaire ("popular") to signify this expansion.

Membership was open to everyone, not just Catholics. It sought to gather all the "honest people" and to be the melting pot sought by Leo XIII where Catholics and moderate Republicans would unite to support a policy of tolerance and social progress. Its motto summarized its program: "Liberty for all; equality before the law; better conditions for the workers." However, the "old republicans" were few, and it did not manage to regroup all Catholics, as it was shunned by monarchists, Christian democrats, and

Albert de Mun
).

The party was drawn into battle from its very beginnings (its first steps coincided with the beginning of the Combes ministry and its anticlerical combat policy), as religious matters were at the heart of its preoccupations. It defended the Church in the name of liberty and common law. Fiercely fought by the

Action française
, the movement declined from 1908, when it lost the support of Rome. Nevertheless, the ALP remained until 1914 the most important party on the right.

All but forgotten during

Union sacrée
, it re-emerged in 1919, with only its administrators, but still exerting an important moral influence on the Catholic electors. In 1919, the Action libérale populaire joined the Bloc national. After that, it sought to regroup, most notably in 1923 and 1927, but to no avail.

The Action libérale populaire played an important historical role by integrating into political life the Catholiques ralliés and by being the first political party, right of center, to organize itself under a "modern" scheme. A new attempt started in 1924 with the Popular Democratic Party.

Notable members

Electoral results

Chamber of Deputies
Election year # of
overall votes
% of
overall vote
# of
overall seats won
+/– Leader
1902 1,350,581 (#3) 16.00
85 / 589
1906 1,238,048 (#3) 14.05
66 / 585
Decrease 19
1910 737,616 (#6) 8.65
30 / 595
Decrease 36
1914 956,261 (#4) 11.34
23 / 601
Decrease 7

Further reading

  • Martin, Benjamin F. "The Creation of the Action Libérale Populaire: an Example of Party Formation in Third Republic France." French Historical Studies 9.4 (1976): 660-689. online
  • Partin, Malcolm. Waldeck-Rousseau, Combes, and the Church: the Politics of Anticlericalism, 1899-1905 (1969)
  • Phillips, Charles S. The church in France, 1848-1907 (1936).
  • Sabatier, Paul. Disestablishment in France (1906) online