Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For his nephew, see Prince Frederick of the Netherlands.
Frederick
Prince of Orange-Nassau
Feldzeugmeister
Battles/warsFrench Revolutionary Wars
AwardsMilitary Order of Maria Theresa

Prince Frederik of Orange-Nassau (English: William George Frederick,

Padua
, Italy.

Early life

Prince Frederick (as he is usually referred to), the youngest son of William V, Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia, sister of King Frederick William II, chose a military career with the Holy Roman Empire.

Portrait of William Frederick in 1788 by Johann Friedrich August Tischbein
A portrait of Dutch princely family painted by Pieter le Sage in 1779. Frederick is on the left, embracing his mother.
An anonymous portrait of Frederick (standing) and his elder brother Willem (sitting), painted about 1790.

Family

Prince Frederick, or "Fritz", as members of his family called him, was born in The Hague in the Dutch Republic. His parents, William V and Princess Wilhelmina, already had two children: Frederica Louise Wilhelmina (1770–1819) and Willem Frederik (1772–1843); Louise would later marry the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Willem would become the first Dutch King. Frederick was related to the British royal family through both his father, who was the grandson of George II of Great Britain, and through his mother, who was the grandniece of George II.

Education and military beginnings

Main article: Flanders campaign

Even as a young boy, he was bright and showed much promise in the military field; General Prince Frederick Stamford, mathematician

lieutenant-general of the cavalry and grand master of artillery. In 1793, he was called to war when the Republic had to be defended against the French. He was an inspiring leader and was usually in the forefront. Prince Frederick took upon himself the defense of the northwestern part of Brabant. Later, he served under his older brother at Veurne (Furnes) and Menin. While fighting in the latter battle at Flemish Wervik, on 12/13 September 1793, Frederick suffered an injury when he was shot in the shoulder; this was an injury he never fully recovered from. In 1794, he was appointed general of the cavalry.[1][2]

Life in exile

In 1795 the prince wanted to withdraw troops from

George III, William's first cousin, was king. On 22 July 1795 Prince Frederik and his aide-de-camp, Perponcher, went to Osnabrück, where the so-called rassemblement[a] occurred. He gathered Dutch officers and troops for a raid in the Batavian Republic.[1] Back in England, Frederick fell in love with Princess Mary (1776–1857), the fourth daughter of King George III, and she with him. George, however not opposing the marriage, felt that the marriages of his three elder daughters, Charlotte (1766–1828), Augusta Sophia (1768–1840), and Elizabeth (1770–1840), had to be tended to first. Eventually, after Frederick's death, Mary married her first cousin, the Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh.[3]

Austrian military service

Frederick's tomb in Nieuwe Kerk

Prince Frederick went via England to Vienna, where he was given, in May 1796, the rank of Major General. He commanded a brigade in the corps of

Feldzeugmeister, as he prepared the army for battle against the French army under Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer.[4][5]

He visited many sick soldiers while in Padua, Italy. It is possible that, as a result of these visits, he contracted a malignant fever. On the night of 5–6 January 1799, Prince Frederick died in the arms of his aide, Hendrik George de Perponcher Sedlnitsky. Originally, he was buried in the cloister of the Hermits of Padua. In 1807, his family ordered a marble monument by Antonio Canova. In 1896, Queen Emma ordered Frederick to be moved to Nieuwe Kerk, the family burial site in Delft. She boarded a vessel to Padua, but was unable to find the prince's remains. The body was finally found on 3 July 1896 and was buried in Nieuwe Kerk on 7 August 1896. The monument was rebuilt in the church behind the tomb of Frederick's brother Willem. As both the church and the cloister of the Hermits of Padua were severely damaged in WW II, the Queen-Regent's action has proven to be a wise one.[4][5]

Ancestry

Notes

  1. ^ see also King's Dutch Brigade

References

  1. ^ a b Blok and Molhuysen, p. 895
  2. ^ Van der Aa, p. 265
  3. ^ Curzon, Catherine (2014). "The Long Life of Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh". madame gilflurt. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  4. ^ a b Van der Aa, p. 266
  5. ^ a b Blok and Molhuysen, pp. 895-896

Sources

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