Psychiatrist
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A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry.[1] Psychiatrists are physicians and evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly mental issues. Sometimes a psychiatrist works within a multi-disciplinary team, which may comprise clinical psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists, and nursing staff. Psychiatrists have broad training in a biopsychosocial approach to the assessment and management of mental illness.
As part of the clinical assessment process, psychiatrists may employ a
Subspecialties
The field of psychiatry has many subspecialties that require additional (fellowship) training, which, in the US, are certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) and require Maintenance of Certification Program to continue. These include the following:[2]
- Clinical neurophysiology
- Forensic psychiatry
- Addiction psychiatry
- Child and adolescent psychiatry
- Geriatric psychiatry
- Palliative care
- Pain management
- Consultation-liaison psychiatry
- Sleep medicine
- Brain injury medicine
Further, other specialties that exist include:[3]
- Cross-cultural psychiatry
- Emergency psychiatry
- Learning disability
- Neurodevelopmental disorder
- Cognition diseases, as in various forms of dementia
- Biological psychiatry
- Community psychiatry
- Global mental health
- Military psychiatry
- Social psychiatry
- Sports psychiatry
The United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties in the United States offers certification and fellowship program accreditation in the subspecialties of
Some psychiatrists specialize in helping certain age groups.
Other psychiatrists may also specialize in
Psychiatrists work in a wide variety of settings. Some are full-time medical researchers, many see patients in private medical practices, and consult liaison psychiatrists see patients in hospital settings where psychiatric and other medical conditions interact.
Professional requirements
While requirements to become a psychiatric physician differ from country to country, all require a medical degree.[3][5]
India
In India, a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree is the basic qualification needed to do psychiatry. After completing an MBBS (including an internship), they can attend various PG medical entrance exams and get a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) in psychiatry, which is a 3-year course. Diploma course in psychiatry or DNB psychiatry can also be taken to become a psychiatrist.
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, one must complete medical school after which one is certified as a medical doctor. After a strict selection program, one can specialize for 4.5-years in psychiatry. During this specialization, the resident has to do a 6-month residency in the field of social psychiatry, a 12-month residency in a field of their own choice (which can be child psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, somatic medicine, or medical research). To become an adolescent psychiatrist, one has to do an extra specialization period of 2 more years. In short, this means that it takes at least 10.5 years of study to become a psychiatrist which can go up to 12.5 years if one becomes a children's and adolescent psychiatrist.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, one must complete basic medical education, an MBBS, then get registered with the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) as a general practitioner after a one-year mandatory internship, house job. After registration with PMDC, one has to take the FCPS-I exam. After that, they pursue four additional years of training in psychiatry at the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan.[6] Training includes rotations in general medicine, neurology, and clinical psychology for three months each, during the first two years. There is a mid-exam intermediate module and a final exam after four years.
Hong Kong
In the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), psychiatrists are required to obtain a medical degree, followed by a minimum of six years of specialized training. Then, they must achieve fellowship at the Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists and attain the qualification of 'specialist in psychiatry' from the Medical Council. Certified psychiatrists are included in the registry.[7]
The fees charged by specialist psychiatrists vary. In private clinics, the cost of a consultation starts from HK$1,500.[8] Compared to private clinics, the fees for specialist outpatient services of the Hospital Authority are lower, but the waiting time can be as long as two years.[9] For Eligible Persons, the first consultation fee is HK$135, and each subsequent consultation fee is HK$80. Additionally, the cost for each type of medication is HK$15.
United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
In the
United States and Canada
In the United States and Canada, one must first attain the degree of M.D. or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, followed by practice as a psychiatric resident for another four years (five years in Canada). This extended period involves comprehensive training in psychiatric diagnosis, psychopharmacology, medical care issues, and psychotherapies. All accredited psychiatry residencies in the United States require proficiency in cognitive behavioral, brief, psychodynamic, and supportive psychotherapies. Psychiatry residents are required to complete at least four post-graduate months of internal medicine or pediatrics, plus a minimum of two months of neurology during their first year of residency, referred to as an "internship".[5] After completing their training, psychiatrists are eligible to take a specialty board examination to become board-certified.[5] The total amount of time required to complete educational and training requirements in the field of psychiatry in the United States is twelve years after high school. Subspecialists in child and adolescent psychiatry are required to complete a two-year fellowship program, the first year of which can run concurrently with the fourth year of the general psychiatry residency program. This adds one to two years of training. The average compensation for psychiatrists in the U.S. in 2023 was $309,000.[11]
See also
- List of psychiatrists
- List of fictional psychiatrists
- Antipsychiatry
References
- ^ Liu, Howard (January 2023). "What is Psychiatry?". Psychiatry.org.
- ^ "Taking a Subspecialty Exam - American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
- ^ a b c d e f g The Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2005). Careers info for School leavers. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from "Your training | Royal College of Psychiatrists". Archived from the original on 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2007-03-25.
- ^ a b American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Inc. (5 March 2007). ABPN Certification - Subspecialties. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from [1]
- ^ a b c Psychiatry.com (Unknown last update). Student Information. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from "Psychiatry.com - Student Information". Archived from the original on 2010-10-23. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
- ^ Training Programs Archived 2015-09-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists (2023-08-20). "香港精神科醫生名單". www.hkcpsych.org.hk (in English and Chinese).
- ^ "兒童精神科醫生邊個好?即睇收費及公私營選擇- 香港兒科醫學資訊網". hkchildhealth.info (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2023-05-27. Retrieved 2023-09-02.
- ^ "醫院管理局精神科門診新症輪候時間". www.ha.org.hk. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
- ^ Careers info for School leavers Archived 2008-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Koval, Mary (24 May 2023). "Your Income vs Your Peers': Medscape Psychiatrist Compensation Report 2023". Medscape. Retrieved 21 January 2024.