Quadra Island
Province British Columbia | | |
Regional district | Strathcona | |
---|---|---|
Demographics | ||
Population | 2,472 (2006) | |
Ethnic groups | Laich-kwil-tach |
Quadra Island is a large island off the eastern coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Discovery Islands, in the Strathcona Regional District.
Etymology
In 1903, the island was named after the Peruvian Spanish navigator Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra, who explored and settled the Vancouver Island area in the late 18th century.[1]
History
The island was claimed by the Peruvian Spanish navigator Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra for the Spanish Empire in the 1700s. A settlement was not successfully negotiated and ownership of the island remained in dispute between Britain and the Spain in the early 1790s. The two countries nearly began a war over the issue; the confrontation became known as the Nootka Crisis. That was averted when both agreed to recognize the other's rights to the area in the first Nootka Convention in 1790, a first step to peace.[2] Finally, the two countries signed the second Nootka Convention in 1793 and the third Convention in 1794. As per the final treaty, the Spanish dismantled their fort on Vancouver Island and left the area after both countries agreed that no permanent settlements should be established in the area neither by Spain nor by Britain, while rights of trade and shipping were to be shared by the two powers.[3]
In 1846, the Oregon Treaty was signed by the British and the U.S. to settle the question of the U.S. Oregon Territory borders.[4] The Treaty made the 49th parallel latitude north the official border between the two countries. In order to ensure that Britain retained all of Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands, it was agreed that the border would swing south around that area.[5]
The Coast Salish inhabited Quadra Island when Captain George Vancouver visited and wrote about their village at Cape Mudge in 1792; he described long houses, boats and a population of roughly 300 people. The Salish were driven out by other First Nations in the late 1800s.[6]
B.C. historian Jeanette Taylor states that "the We-Wai-Kai, with roots to the north among the Kwakwaka’wakw, took over the island through a complex process of both warfare and intermarriage". They fished for salmon year-round. The We-Wai-Kai band of the Kwagiulth live in Cape Mudge today. According to the historian, they "were prohibited from buying alcohol and barred by the government from the mechanized fishing fleet until 1926. Even their ceremonial gatherings – potlatches – were made illegal". In 1922, after mass arrests, the We-Wai-Kai people surrendered their masks and regalia to the government. The property was not returned to them for some 50 years, to the Nuuyumbalees Cultural Centre.[7]
The first school was built by the Kwagiulth people at Cape Mudge in 1893; the fishing fleet in operation at that time is still successful today. A copper and gold mine, the Lucky Jim, opened in 1903 but was destroyed by fire in 1941. In 1904, the island had "two post offices, a school, hotel,
By 1904, Quadra had two post offices, a school, hotel, lumber camps, mills, and a mission. Severe fires devastated Quadra over the years leading to a poor economy well into the 1930s.[8]
Geography
Quadra Island is separated from Vancouver Island by
Quadra Island is about 35 kilometres (22 miles) from its northernmost point to its southernmost point. The island at its narrowest point, on its southern peninsula, is less than 2 km (1.24 mi) wide, and at its widest point, about 15 km (9 mi) wide. With an area of 310 square kilometres (120 square miles), Quadra Island is the largest island of the Discovery Islands and the second largest island in the Salish Sea after Whidbey Island in Washington.
Geology
Few of the island's soils are well suited to agriculture. Most are coarse and, outside of poorly drained areas, have classic
In spite of this, many residents have very successful home gardens, and the island boasts a well attended Garden Club and a bi-annual Quilt and Garden Tour.
Demographics
The population of island and surrounding mainland inlets, as of the 2006 federal census (excluding First Nations Reserves, tallied separately), was 2,472, down from the 2001 federal census count of 2,548. A more recent report (2017) suggest an estimated population of 4,000, with most at the southern end of the island, and states that many are "involved in the arts, fishing, logging, and tourism".[10]
The
Education
There is an elementary school on the island. School children in grades 6-12 travel by ferry to Campbell River to attend École Phoenix Middle School or Carihi Secondary School. These schools are part of School District 72 Campbell River.
Culture
The Nuyumabalees Cultural Centre is located within the Cape Mudge Village. The Centre opened in 1987 to hold the Sacred Potlatch Collection which was returned by the Federal Government. The Centre continues its efforts in "researching, locating and repatriating potlatch artifacts" from other sources around the world, according to a local report.[11][12]
The
A recent report about Cape Mudge Village (Yaculta) states that "the territory of the Kwa'Kwa'Ka' Wa'Kw Nation includes territory between a line running from Cape Mudge, Quadra Island to the mouth of Bute Inlet northward to Smith Inlet and around Vancouver Island to Quatsino Sound". The report adds that today, the We Wai Kai band of the Laichwiltach People "are a prosperous people involved with several major concerns in nearby Campbell River and on Quadra Island ... [they operate] a full service resort Tsa-Kwa-Luten Lodge & RV Park".[14] The other two main villages are Quathiaski Cove, the island's commercial hub, and Heriot Bay a picturesque community.
Transportation
The
Many services are available at nearby Campbell River but Quadra has some too, according to the Discovery Island publication: a bank, ATMs, auto and marine repair services, a gas station (without automotive diesel), marine gas and diesel, cafes, restaurants, library, medical clinic, pharmacy, book store, groceries, an elementary school, childcare, RCMP detachment, real estate agents, hardware store, adventure tour operators and more.[17][18]
Notable people
Hilary Stewart was a writer who lived here for 35 years writing about local history.[19]
Jan Zwicky - philosopher, poet
Robert Bringhurst - poet, typographer, linguist
See also
References
- ISBN 978-0-7748-0637-4. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
- ^ "Vancouver Island History". Discover Vancouver Island. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ISBN 978-1-55002-007-6.
- ^ "Places". Our History. Hbc Heritage. Archived from the original on December 6, 2004. Retrieved March 8, 2008.
- ^ "Britain and the United States agree on the 49th parallel as the main Pacific Northwest boundary in the Treaty of Oregon on June 15, 1846". History Link. July 13, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ "Quadra Island History". Gulf Island Guide. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ "Quadra Island History - A Turbulent Past". Discovery Islands Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
Jeanette Taylor is the author of several books on the history of the region
- ^ "Quadra Island History". Gulf Island Guide. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Day, J.H.; L. Farstad; D.G. Laird (1959). "Soil Survey of Southeast Vancouver Island and Gulf Islands, British Columbia". Department of Agriculture.
- ^ "Out and About Quadra Island". Greater Victoria. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ "Cape Mudge Village". Discovery Islands Publishing. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Mauzé, Marie (2003) Two Kwakwaka'wakw Museums: Heritage and Politics. Ethnohistory, Vol.50, No.3: 503-522.
- ^ MacLeod, William Christie (1925) Debtor and Chattel Slavery in Aboriginal North America. New Series, Vol. 27, No. 3:370-380.
- ^ "Cape Mudge Village". Discovery Islands Publishing. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Travel to Quadra Island
- ^ Campbell River to Quadra Island
- ^ "Quadra Island Simply Paradise". Discovery Islands Publishing. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ "Map of Quadra Island, Local Services". Discovery Islands Publishing. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ "R.I.P Hilary Stewart, 1924-2014". Northwest Coast Archaeology. June 16, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2024.