RIM-8 Talos

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RIM-8 Talos
kN
Operational
range
RIM-8J 241 km (130 nm); RIM-8A: 92 km (50 nm)
Flight ceiling24,400 m (80,100 ft)
Maximum speed Mach 3
Guidance
system
Radar beam riding and (non-nuclear variants) semi-active radar homing
Launch
platform
Surface ship

solid rocket booster provided thrust for launch and a Bendix ramjet
powered its flight to the target, with the warhead serving as the ramjet's compressor.

USS Oklahoma City
in 1979

History

Talos was the end product of

McDonnell Aircraft in St. Louis; final assembly was by Bendix Missile Systems in Mishawaka, Indiana. The first production versions of the missile cost about $155,000 in 1955 ($1,793,335 in 2022 dollars); however, the price would drop as Bendix increased production.[2]

The Talos saw relatively limited use due to its large size and dual radar antenna system; few ships could accommodate the large missiles with the AN/SPW-2 missile guidance radar and the AN/SPG-49 target illumination and tracking radar.[3] The 9.9-meter-long, 3½-ton missile was comparable in size to a small fighter aircraft.[4] The Talos Mark 7 Guided Missile Launching System (GMLS) was installed in three Galveston-class cruisers (converted Cleveland-class light cruisers) with 16 missiles in a ready-service magazine and up to 30 missiles and boosters in a storage area above the main deck. Nuclear-powered USS Long Beach and three Albany-class cruisers (converted Baltimore-class heavy cruisers) carried Mark 12 Guided Missile Launching Systems fed from a 52-round magazine below the main deck.[5]

The initial SAM-N-6b/RIM-8A had an effective range of about 50 nmi and a conventional warhead. The SAM-N-6bW/RIM-8B was a RIM-8A with a nuclear warhead; terminal guidance was judged unnecessary for a nuclear warhead, so the SARH antenna was omitted. The SAM-N-6b1/RIM-8C was introduced in 1960 and had double the range and a more effective conventional continuous-rod warhead. The RIM-8D was the nuclear-warhead version of the -8C. The SAM-N-6c/RIM-8E "Unified Talos" had a warhead that could be swapped while embarked, eliminating the need to waste magazine capacity carrying dedicated nuclear-tipped variants. The RIM-8E also carried an improved continuous-wave terminal homing seeker and had a higher ceiling reach-out. Some RIM-8Cs were retrofitted with the new seeker and designated RIM-8F. The RIM-8G and RIM-8J had further radar homing improvements and a new fuel that extended the range to 130 nm.[6]

The surface-to-air versions also saw action in Vietnam, with a total of four

MiGs being shot down by USS Chicago and Long Beach. On May 23, 1968, a Talos fired from Long Beach shot down a Vietnamese MiG at a range of about 65 miles. This was the first downing of a hostile aircraft by a missile fired from a ship. The hit also destroyed a second MiG which flew through the debris. In September 1968, Long Beach scored another MiG destroyed at a range of 61 miles. On May 9, 1972, Chicago's forward Talos battery scored a long-range kill on a MiG.[7] The Talos missile also had surface-to-surface capabilities.[8]

The RIM-8H Talos-ARM was a dedicated anti-radar homing missile for use against shore-based radar stations. Initial testing of the RIM-8H was performed in 1965, and soon after, it was deployed in Vietnam on Chicago, Oklahoma City, and Long Beach, attacking North Vietnamese SAM radars. Oklahoma City fired the first successful RIM-8H combat shot in US Navy history in early 1972. It was also the first combat surface-to-surface missile shot in US Navy history.[9]

Variants

SAM-N-6
Development and prototype missiles; pre-1962 US Navy designation of the Talos missile.
SAM-N-6a
Development and prototype missiles; pre-1962 US Navy designation of the Talos missile.
SAM-N-6b
Production missiles deployed with conventional explosive warheads; redesignated RIM-8A.
SAM-N-6bw
The -6b missile with a nuclear warhead, omitting terminal guidance and SARH antennas; redesignated RIM-8B.
SAM-N-6b1
An improved -6b with much greater range and continuous rod conventional warhead; redesignated RIM-8C.
SAM-N-6c
"Unified Talos" with interchangeable nuclear/conventional warheads eliminating the need for storage of both missile types, also fitted with improved terminal homing and higher operating ceiling; redesignated RIM-8E.
RIM-8F Talos
Some RIM-8C missiles retrofitted with the new seeker from the RIM-8E (post-1962 only).
RIM-8G Talos
Variant with further homing improvements.
RIM-8H Talos-ARM
A dedicated surface-to-surface anti-radar homing version for deployment on ships already fitted out for the Talos SAM.
RIM-8J Talos
Variant with further homing improvements.
MQM-8G Vandal
Talos missiles remaining after removal from active service were converted to super-sonic drone targets, with the inventory being exhausted circa 2008.

Chronology

Date Fleet inventory Ship Event
28 May 1958[10] 1×Mk 7 GMLS with 2×AN/SPG-49 RADAR
Galveston[10]
Commissioned as CLG-3[10]
3 June 1960[11] 2×Mk 7 GMLS with 4×AN/SPG-49 RADAR
Little Rock[11]
Commissioned as CLG-4[11]
7 September 1960[12] 3×Mk 7 GMLS with 6×AN/SPG-49 RADAR
Oklahoma City[12]
Commissioned as CLG-5[12]
9 September 1961[13] 3×Mk 7 & 1×Mk 12 GMLS with 8×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Long Beach[13] Commissioned as CGN-9[13]
3 November 1962[14] 3×Mk 7 & 3×Mk 12 GMLS with 12×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Albany[14] Commissioned as CG-10[14]
1 December 1962[15] 3×Mk 7 & 5×Mk 12 GMLS with 16×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Columbus Commissioned as CG-12
2 May 1964[16] 3×Mk 7 & 7×Mk 12 GMLS with 20×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Chicago[16] Commissioned as CG-11[16]
25 May 1970[17] 2×Mk 7 & 7×Mk 12 GMLS with 18×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Galveston Decommissioned
31 January 1975[15] 2×Mk 7 & 5×Mk 12 GMLS with 14×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Columbus Decommissioned
22 November 1976[18] 1×Mk 7 & 5×Mk 12 GMLS with 12×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Little Rock Decommissioned[11]
1978 1×Mk 7 & 4×Mk 12 GMLS with 10×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Long Beach Talos system removed
1 November 1979 4×Mk 12 GMLS with 8×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Oklahoma City Last Talos fired
15 December 1979 4×Mk 12 GMLS with 8×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Oklahoma City Decommissioned
1 March 1980[16] 2×Mk 12 GMLS with 4×AN/SPG-49 RADAR Chicago[16] Decommissioned[16]
29 August 1980[14] Albany[14] Decommissioned[14]

Fate

Long Beach had her Talos launcher removed in 1978. Talos was phased out of fleet service with the decommissioning of

USS Oklahoma City in 1979, though the Albany-class ships carrying the system soldiered on a few more years with the launchers left in place until they were retired in 1980. After 21 years of fleet service, the missile was replaced by the RIM-67 Standard
missile, which was fired from the smaller Mk10 launcher.

Two Talos missiles are on display at the Military Honor Park located near the entrance of the South Bend International Airport in South Bend, Indiana.

A Talos missile was displayed in the atrium of the

South Bend Regional Airport (historically known as Bendix Field), but was removed in 2021 to be displayed in the Manufacturing Victory exhibit at The History Museum in South Bend. [19]
After the exhibit closed, the missile did not return to the airport.

Another example can be seen at the Patriots Point Naval & Maritime Museum, located at Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.

A Talos Missile can also be seen on display at the Muskogee War Memorial Park located in Muskogee, Oklahoma.

A Talos missile is on display at Naval Weapons Station Yorktown in Yorktown, Virginia.

A Talos missile is on display at The US Navy's Guided Missile School at Dam Neck, in Virginia Beach, Virginia, just outside of the main building of the NAVGMSCOL.

Two Talos missiles are on display, in launch position, on the stern of

.

A Talos missile and booster were on display at Rita Blanca Park (home of the XIT Rodeo & Reunion) in Dalhart, Texas, at least from 1981 or earlier, but as of 2017 had been removed.

A Talos missile is on display in the

Washington Dulles International Airport
.

A Talos missile is on outdoor display in front of the Missiles and More Museum on Topsail Island, NC. Notably, this location is also the birthplace of the RIM-8 Talos missile, having been a result of the research effort on ramjets and surface-to-air missiles which took place on Topsail Island from 1946 to 1948, as part of Operation Bumblebee.[20]

Gallery

  • Talos missile launcher on USS Long Beach, July 1961
    Talos missile launcher on USS Long Beach, July 1961
  • Talos missile guidance radars, AN/SPG-49.
    Talos missile guidance radars, AN/SPG-49.
  • RIM-8A and -8B missile launch.
    RIM-8A and -8B missile launch.
  • A Talos shortly before hitting a B-17 target drone in 1957.
    A Talos shortly before hitting a B-17 target drone in 1957.
  • USS Little Rock fires a Talos, 4 May 1961.
    USS Little Rock
    fires a Talos, 4 May 1961.
  • Talos missiles on USS Little Rock, November 1960.
    Talos missiles on USS Little Rock, November 1960.
  • MQM-8G Vandal launch from San Nicolas Island, in 1999.
    MQM-8G Vandal launch from San Nicolas Island, in 1999.
  • RIM-8 Talos missile loading conveyor aboard USS Little Rock.
    RIM-8 Talos missile loading conveyor aboard USS Little Rock.
  • RIM-8 Talos magazine racks in USS Little Rock
    RIM-8 Talos magazine racks in USS Little Rock
  • RIM-8 Talos display, Patriots Point Naval Museum, Charleston South Carolina
    RIM-8 Talos display, Patriots Point Naval Museum, Charleston South Carolina
  • A Bendix RIM-8 Talos on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA
    A Bendix RIM-8 Talos on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "A Brief History of White Sands Proving Ground 1941-1965" (PDF). New Mexico State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
  2. ^ "RIM-8 Talos". Global Security. Global Security. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  3. ^ Polmar, Norman (December 1978). "The U.S.Navy: Shipboard Radars". United States Naval Institute Proceedings. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. MiG-15 jet
    fighter was 10.1 meters long and weighed 5 tons.
  5. ^ Naval Training Command (1972). Gunners Mate M 1&C (NAVTRA 10200-B ed.). US Government Printing Office.
  6. ISSN 0270-5214
    .
  7. ^ "USS LITTLE ROCK CLG 4 / CG 4 TALOS MISSILE & MISSILE SIGHTINGS".
  8. ^ "USS Oklahoma City - Talos Missile Firing Operations". Retrieved 2014-05-23.
  9. ^ Hays, Phillip R. "Details of the First Talos RGM-8H Anti Radiation Missile Combat Firing". USS Oklahoma City CL91 / CLG5 / CG5. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  10. ^ a b c "Galveston II (CL-93)". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d "Little Rock I (CL-92)". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  12. ^ a b c "Oklahoma City I (CL-91)". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  13. ^ a b c "Long Beach III (CG (N)‑9)". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Doehring, Thoralf. "USS Albany (CG 10)". Unofficial US Navy Site. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  15. ^ a b "Welcome Aboard". USS Columbus Veterans Association. Archived from the original on 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Yarnall, Paul L. "USS CHICAGO (CA 136 / CG 11)". NavSource Online. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  17. ^ "Chronology - U.S.S. Galveston CL-93 / CLG-3". USS Galveston Shipmates Association. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  18. ^ "A Brief History of the USS Little Rock". USS Little Rock Association. Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  19. ^ "South Bend airport's Talos missile taken to History Museum for manufacturing exhibit". South Bend Tribune. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  20. ^ Missiles and More Museum. (2014, January 26). Operation Bumblebee. Missiles and More Museum. https://missilesandmoremuseum.org/exhibits/operation-bumblebee/

References

External links