Reconstruction of Skopje 1963
Other name(s) | Plan of Skopje, Reconstruction of Skopje, Skopje Master Plan |
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Location | Skopje, Yugoslavia |
Coordinates | 41°59′53″N 21°25′31″E / 41.9981°N 21.4254°E |
Proposed | 1963 |
Plan for Skopje 1963 was the urban and architectural plan put forward to rebuild the city of Skopje following the
The plan is unique in its architectural focus involving
The architectural plan has been revisited, theorised and discussed due to its impact on Brutalist architecture and art history of the 20th Century.[9] The impact of the plan effected urban, historical and cultural direction of society.[10] The implementation of the reconstruction of Skopje is a historically unique instance of UN international collaboration, it is also the first examples of Japanese architects implementing metabolist theory and modern architecture methods on a metropolis scale urban project outside of Japan.
Planning
The reconstruction plan of central Skopje was won by Tange's team in 1965. The project was significant not only because of its international influence, but also because it realised a new international model for urban reconstruction.[11]
Earnest Weissman, a student of Le Corbusier and head of planning at UN Social Affairs consolidated and supervised the organisation of Skopje's reconstruction from the beginning.[12]
Maurice Rotival a UN expert on Urban planning famously stated: "The world now expects that the New Skopje will become a model city, built not for the present but for the future. Any less eloquent result of the work done by the Leadership of the United Nation... will tell that a great opportunity was wasted. For the world's sake, Skopje has to be not just a city to live in but also a monument to the hope of a better world."[9]
Tange planned for two symbolic centers based on a City Wall and City Gate, symbolic in nature, providing a living and transit hub respectively.
Outcomes
The reconstruction led to the realisation of a number of modernist buildings:
- Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Elementary School [1967-1969] funded by Switzerland and designed by Swiss architect Alfred Roth[13]
- Museum of Contemporary Art [1969-1970] funded by Poland and designed by Jerzy Mokrzyński, Eugeniusz Wierzbicki and Wacław Kłyszewski.
- Military Hospital [1969-1971] by Josip Osoynik and Slobodan Nikolić, architects of Military Medical Academy in Serbia
- University Campus [1970-1974] by Slovenian Marko Mušič
- Cultural Centre [1968-unfinished] by Biro 71
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts by Boris Čipan
- City Commercial Centre [1981-1983] by Živko Popovski learned from Dutch architects Van den Broek and Jaap Bakema
- Post office, a brutalist masterpiece by Janko Konstantinov
- Goce Delčev Student Dormatory by Giorgi Konstantinovski
- City Archives, Skopje by Giorgi Konstantinovski
- State Hydro-meteorological Institute [1972-1975] by Krsto Todorovski
Maintenance and support for these buildings waned after the fall of Yugoslavia. At the start of the 21st century all of the architectural progress encapsulated by these buildings was reversed by the Skopje 2014 re-reconstruction.
References
- ^ ISBN 0-269-02686-X.
- ^ a b "40 Years after Skopje earthquake Annan recalls global solidarity". UN. 2003.
- ^ Donald Niebyl (2021). "Skopje's 1963 Quake: From Ruins to Modernist Resurrection".
- ^ Amygdalou, K., Kritikos, C. G., Tsiambaos, K. (2018). The Future as a Project: Doxiadis in Skopje. Athens: Hellenic Institute of Architecture.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - The Rotarian. 112: 30–31.
- ^ Amygdalou, K., Kritikos, C. G., Tsiambaos, K. (2018). The Future as a Project: Doxiadis in Skopje. Athens: Hellenic Institute of Architecture. p. 46.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bostjan (2021). "Reconstruction Plan for Skopje".
- ISBN 9780203860304.
- ^ a b Stierli, Martino, Stephanie Emerson, Vladimir Kulić, Valentin Jeck, and Tamara Bjažić Klarin (2018). Toward a concrete utopia: architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948-1980.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Maja Babić (2018). "Curating the Yugoslav Identity: The Reconstruction of Skopje".
- ^ Zhongije Lin (2010). Kenzo Tange and the Metabolist Movement. Routledge. p. 168.
- ^ Kenzo Tange (1985). "Recollections: Architect Kenzo Tange no. 6". Japan Architect.
- ^ "Elementary School Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Skopje, North Macedonia". architectuul.com. Architectuul. 30 May 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.