Regional ethnic autonomy system of China
The Regional Ethnic Autonomy System (区域民族自治制度) of People's Republic of China gives ethnic minorities in China a political system to assemble autonomous government bodies, protects ethnic minorities' rights and provides ethnic minority people benefits. It is one of the basic political systems in China. This fundamental system was aimed at achieving ethnic equality in China. The content of this system is the establishment of autonomous government body, exercising autonomous rights and enacting regional autonomy in areas where many ethnic minority people live together.[1][2]
It is based on People’s Republic of China Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law enacted in 1984 amended in 2001 and Provisions on Implementing the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law enacted in 2005.
History
In 1941, Ethnical Regional Autonomy System was experimented by
In 1947,
Autonomous government body
The autonomous government body are People's Congress and People's Government. As other Chinese political power structure. The real governmental power lies flexibly between Party's Commission and People's Government.[5]
The administrative level of autonomous government body is principally decided by the population and area of the region.
Autonomous governments' rights and policy guidelines
Autonomous government has the right to make ethnic laws, improvisingly execute specific ethnic related issues, enjoy relatively higher economic independence and higher reserve fund in central government, have a separate ethnic related budget in
Ethnic minority benefit in China
Government jobs
The head of people's government and people's congress should be ethnic minority person.
In the people's congress, when multiple ethnicities live in the same autonomous region, every ethnicity should have representatives, especially giving low population ethnicities considerable more representative positions.
In the people's government, the consisting personals and the belonging branches should try their best to employ ethnic minority officials, and when there are ethnic minority candidates who meets the selecting criteria, they should be priorly employed.
The ratio of ethnic minority officials should correlate to the ratio of ethnic minority population in the region, when the ethnic minority population is over 1/2 of the local population, and should be higher than the ratio of ethnic minority population, when is lower than 1/2.[1]
Bonus points in Gaokao
According to different policies in different Chinese provincial gaokao committee, the ethnic minority students residing in ethnic autonomous regions can get free bonus points, varying from 10[8] to 35[9] in total 750 points.
Respect for ethnic custom in university
In Chinese universities, the undergraduate education still go on by grouping students into classes. And the ethnic minority students will be asked about the special custom and culture by the supervisors. The supervisors and university staff would try to avoid taboo and offences to ethnic minorities. Due to the large number of Chinese Muslims, most Chinese universities have a specific dining section for them.[10]
See also
References
- ^ a b "People's Republic of China Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law". Congressional-Executive Commission on China. China National People's Congress.
- ^ "Provisions on Implementing the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law". Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Chinese State Council.
- ^ "全国120个民族自治县批准成立时间". 360 Library. Unknown.
- ^ Lai, Hongyi. China's Ethnic Policies and Challenges (PDF). East Asian policy.
- ^ Dumbaugh, Kerry; Martin, Michael (December 31, 2009). Understanding China's Political System (PDF). Congressional Research Service.
- ^ "民族区域自治制度". gov.cn. Chinese State Council.
- ^ Regional Autonomy for Ethnic Minorities in China (2005). Beijing: Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
- ^ "China Focus: Minority students rely on university for better future". xinhuanet.com. Xinhua Net. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018.
- ^ "2015四川高考加分政策出炉 十大加分项目取消". edu.sina.com.cn. Sina Education.
- ^ Gong, Mengdan. "浅谈内地高校少数民族学生管理方法". Shaanxi Education Newspaper Press. Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government.