Richard King (traveller)

Add links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Richard King (1811?–1876) was an English surgeon, Arctic traveller, and early ethnological writer.

Early life

King was born circa 1811, the son of Richard King, a Londoner. He was educated at

St Thomas's Hospital in London.[2] He studied at Guy's under Thomas Hodgkin, later to be a colleague in the development of ethnology.[3]

King became M.R.C.S. on 29 June and L.S.A. on 16 August 1832, and obtained the honorary degree of M.D. of New York in 1833. He was subsequently made a member of the court of examiners of the Apothecaries' Society in London.[2]

Arctic travels

Shortly after qualifying as a medical man King obtained the post of surgeon and naturalist in the expedition led by Captain

John Ross. He took a prominent part in the expedition and is frequently mentioned in Back's Narrative (1836), to which he contributed botanical and meteorological appendices.[2]

Later life

On 20 July 1842, King issued the prospectus which originated the Ethnological Society of London. In 1844, he published an address to the society, of which he was the first secretary.[2]

In 1850, King was appointed assistant-surgeon aboard

British Association.[2]

Death

King died at his residence in Blandford Street, Manchester Square, London, on 4 February 1876.[2]

Works

King published an independent account of the expedition under George Back, entitled Narrative of a Journey to the Shore of the Arctic Ocean under command of Captain Back (1836), 2 vols. In it he took a more sanguine view than his commander of the value of the Back River as a base for future arctic exploration. In 1855, he drew up a summary of his correspondence with the Admiralty, entitled The Franklin Expedition from first to last, in which he criticised the government.[2]

King was a contributor to the Journals of the Ethnological Society, the

Medical Times (of which he was for some time editor), and other periodicals. With two medical books on the cause of death in still-born infants he published:[2]

  • The Physical and Intellectual Character and Industrial Arts of the Esquimaux (1844)
  • The Natives of Vancouver's Island and British Columbia (1869)
  • The Manx of the Isle of Man (1870)
  • The Laplanders (1871)

Controversy and reputation

King's reputation as argumentative is well-established, but he is now better thought of than by many of his influential contemporaries. His view of the Back expedition as having missed opportunities and implicit argument for recognition of his own contribution are accepted by the

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.[1] He received sympathy in his grievances from the newspapers of the time, but his perceived eccentricity told against him. The Dictionary of National Biography in its first edition spoke of his dying "in obscurity".[2]

When in 1845 the Admiralty proposed the

The Athenæum (a letter to Lord Grey the Colonial Secretary) was answered by Charles Richard Weld, who countered King's perceived alarmist tone with reassurance about the expedition's food supplies.[4] In the same periodical Alexander Kennedy Isbister took a practical tone: conceding that King's speculations on the longitude of the Franklin party might be correct, he argued that King's preferred land expedition of relief could not carry enough supplies.[5]
Opinions still differ as to whether or not King's proposal would have, in fact, saved lives.[1][6]

Further reading

  • Sera-Shriar, Efram (2015). "Arctic Observers: Richard King, Monogenism and the Historicisation of Inuit through Travel Narratives". Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 51: 23–31.
    PMID 25731902
    .

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15590. (Subscription or UK public library membership
    required.)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Seccombe 1892.
  3. Stocking, George W. Jr.
    (1987). Victorian Anthropology. p. 244.
  4. ^ Brandt, Anthony (2011). The Man Who Ate His Boots. pp. 307–8.
  5. ^ Brandt, Anthony (2011). The Man Who Ate His Boots. pp. 311–2.
  6. ISBN 978-0-7735-3479-7
    . Retrieved 2 December 2012.
Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Seccombe, Thomas (1892). "King, Richard (1811?-1876)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 31. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_King_(traveller)&oldid=1219381686"