Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden

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The Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden or Jardim Botânico is located at the Jardim Botânico district in the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro.

The Botanical Garden shows the diversity of Brazilian and foreign flora. There are around 6,500 species (some endangered) distributed throughout an area of 54 hectares (130 acres) as well as numerous greenhouses. The garden also houses monuments of historical, artistic, and archaeological significance. There is an important research center, which includes the most complete library in the country specializing in botany with over 32,000 volumes.^{[citation needed]}

It was founded in 1808 by King John VI of Portugal. Originally intended for the acclimatization of spices like nutmeg, pepper and cinnamon imported from the West Indies, the garden was opened to the public in 1822, and is now open during daylight hours every day except 25 December and 1 January.

The 140 hectares (350 acres) park lies at the foot of the Corcovado Mountain, far below the right arm of the statue of Christ the Redeemer and contains more than 6,000 different species of tropical and subtropical plants and trees, including 900 varieties of palm trees. A 750 metres (2,460 ft) line of 134 palms forms the Avenue of Royal Palms leading from the entrance into the gardens. These palms all descended from a single tree, the Palma Mater, long since destroyed by lightning. Only about 40% of the park is cultivated, the remainder being Atlantic Forest rising up the slopes of Corcovado. The park is protected by the Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional and was designated as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1992.

The Botanical Garden has an important research institute, which develops a wide range of botanical studies in Brazil. The institute has taxonomists who specialize in the identification and conservation of the neotropical flora.

The gardens house collections that include

Features of interest include an old gunpowder factory, the Victoria lilies in the Lago Frei Leandro pond, the Japanese Garden, and many sculptures and fountains.

Gallery

• 
  The Imperial Botanical Garden in 1856
• 
  William Bell's stereograph taken on the 1882 transit of Venus expedition.
• 
  Albert Einstein (center) visiting the Botanical Garden in May 1925.
• 
  Visitor centre
• 
  A palm tree avenue (landscape

  allée) of Roystonea oleracea

  palms.
• 
  Fountain of the Muses
• 
  View of the Christ the Redeemer statue from the garden during the winter.
• 
  Victoria lilies
• 
  Sensory Garden
• 
  Cactus garden
• 
  Corcovado Mountain, with Christ the Redeemer at the top, as seen from the Botanical Garden.
• 
  Friar Leandro do Sacramento Memorial
• 
  Bust of Friar Leandro do Sacramento at the memorial. Sacramento was the first director of the Botanical Garden.
• 
  Bust of King John VI, the founder of the Botanical Garden
• 
  Karl Glasl cave
• 
  Amazon Region - Fisherman's Lake
• 
  Equatorial Sundial
• 
  Japanese garden
• 
  Administrative building
• 
  Paths
• 
  Garden path and park bench.
• 
  Bromeliads
• 
  Replica of a statue of

  Xochipilli

  , the Aztec god of flowers
• 
  Meliponário
• 
  Cocoi heron hunting at Frei Leandro Lake

Notes

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.

• Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro Botanical Gardens (in Portuguese)