Rover (marque)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the other companies with that name, see Rover Company and Rover Group.
Not to be confused with Land Rover.

Rover
Rover logo from 2003
OwnerJaguar Land Rover (since 2013)[1]
CountryUnited Kingdom
Introduced1878; 146 years ago (1878)
Discontinued15 April 2005; 19 years ago (2005-04-15)
MarketsAutomotive
Previous owners
[2]

Rover is a British automotive brand that was used for over a century, from 1904 to 2005. It was launched as a bicycle maker called Rover Company in 1878, before starting to manufacture autocars in 1904. The brand used the Viking longship as its logo. The rights to the brand are currently part of Jaguar Land Rover, which continues to produce Land Rovers, but no Rover automobiles are currently in production and the brand is considered dormant.

Despite a state-controlled absorption by the

Leyland Motor Corporation (LMC) in 1967 and subsequent mergers, nationalisation, and demergers, the Rover brand retained its identity, first as an independent subsidiary division of LMC, and subsequently through various groups within British Leyland
(BL) through the 1970s and into the 1980s.

The Rover brand then became the flagship brand of the newly and eponymously renamed Rover Group in 1988, which included the actually stronger and more valuable brand names Land Rover and Mini as it passed first through the hands of British Aerospace and then into the ownership of BMW Group. Sharing technology with Honda and financial investment during the BMW ownership led to a revival of the brand during the 1990s in its core midsize car segment.[3]

In 2000, BMW sold Rover and related

MG car activities of the Rover Group to the Phoenix Consortium, who established the MG Rover Group at Longbridge. BMW retained ownership of the Rover brand, allowing MG Rover to use it under licence. In April 2005, Rover-branded cars ceased to be produced when the MG Rover Group became insolvent. The MG Rover Group's assets then got split up between two Chinese automakers – some were bought by SAIC Motor, who obtained technology that was incorporated into a new Chinese line of Roewe branded luxury saloons. Other assets were bought by Nanjing Automobile
.

BMW sold the rights to the Rover brand to Ford in 2006 for approximately £6 million, the latter exercising an option of first refusal to buy it dating back to its purchase of Land Rover in 2000. Ford thus reunited the original Rover Company brands, primarily for brand-protection reasons.[4] In March 2008, Ford reached agreement with Tata Motors of India to include the Rover brand as part of the sale of their Jaguar Land Rover operations to them. Legally the Rover brand is the property of Land Rover under the terms of Ford's purchase of the name in 2006.[5]

Ownership

Rover Company

Main article: Rover Company

British Leyland

Main article: British Leyland

In 1970, Rover combined its skill in producing comfortable saloons and the rugged Land Rover 4x4 to produce the Range Rover, one of the first vehicles (preceded by the Jeep Wagoneer and IH Scout) to combine off-road ability and comfortable versatility. Powered by the licence-built ex-Buick V8 engine, it had innovative features such as a permanent four-wheel drive system, all-coil spring suspension, and disc brakes on all wheels. Able to reach speeds of up to 100 mph (160 km/h) yet also capable of extreme off-road use, the original Range Rover design remained in production for the next 26 years.

The company's other major project at this time was the P8, a successor, styled by

Jaguar XJ6.[6] It later emerged that Rover's contender would not have been particularly cheap or easy to build, and the shrinkage of the European market for sedans of this size that followed the 1973 oil price shock suggest that abandonment of the project in 1972 – even at the eleventh hour – may have been the right decision for British Leyland; but the P8 was not entirely ummourned nearly thirty years later.[6] Some of the P8's styling cues turned up two years later on the Leyland P76, and the driver's view of the instrument panel (albeit without the Austin Allegro style "quartic" steering wheel that appears in one of the surviving pictures of it) would have been not entirely unfamiliar to the driver of a 1976 Rover 3500.[6]

As British Leyland struggled through financial turmoil and an industrial-relations crisis during the 1970s, it was effectively nationalised after a multibillion-pound government cash injection in 1975. Michael Edwardes was brought in to head the company.

1985 Rover Vitesse (SD1) (post-facelift)

The Rover SD1 of 1976 was an excellent car,[citation needed] but was beset with so many build quality and reliability issues it never delivered on its great promise. Following the closure of the Triumph factory at Canley, production of the TR7 and TR8 was moved to Solihull; soon after, a savage programme of cutbacks in the late 1970s led to the end of car production at Solihull, which was turned over for Land Rover production only. The TR7/TR8 was discontinued while SD1 production moved to Cowley. All future Rover cars would be made in the former Austin and Morris plants in Longbridge and Cowley, respectively.

In 1979, British Leyland (or as it was now officially known, BL Ltd.) began a long relationship with the Honda Motor Company of Japan. The result was a cross-holding structure, where Honda took a 20% stake in the company while the company took a 20% stake in Honda's UK subsidiary. The deal was thought to be mutually beneficial: Honda used its British operations as a launchpad into Europe, and the company could pool resources with Honda in developing new cars.

Austin Rover Group was formed in 1982 as the mass-market car manufacturing subsidiary of BL, with the separate Rover Company becoming effectively defunct.

In the 1980s, the slimmed-down BL used the Rover brand on a range of cars codeveloped with Honda. The first Honda-sourced Rover model, released in 1984, was the

416i
.

Rover Group

Main article: Rover Group
Rover 400

By 1988, Austin Rover had moved to a one-marque strategy, using only the Rover brand. Its parent, BL, was renamed as the Rover Group, with the car division becoming Rover Cars.

In 1986, the Rover SD1 was replaced by the

Rover 600, launched in April 1993, was based on the Accord and used various Honda and Rover engines and was aimed further upmarket at the likes of the BMW 3 Series rather than the likes of the Ford Mondeo
which the Honda Accord was marketed to compete with.

Rover exported Rover 800s, badged as

Sterlings
, to the United States from 1987 to 1991.

British Aerospace ownership

In 1988, the Rover brand went back into private hands when the Rover Group was acquired by British Aerospace.

BMW ownership

The Honda partnership proved to be the turnaround point for the company, steadily rebuilding its image to the point where once again, Rover-branded cars were seen as upmarket alternatives to

Riley, Mini, Triumph, and Austin-Healey brands to BMW
, who had begun to see Rover-branded cars as potential major competitors.

Under BMW, the Rover Group developed the Rover 75 and was launched in June 1999, as a retro-designed car influenced by the earlier Rover P4 and P5 designs. It proved to be a success for the brand, gaining positive critics, although it failed to outsell the BMW 3 Series.

In May 2000, BMW split up the Rover Group, selling

MG Rover
. Although BMW included ownership of the MG brand in the deal, they retained ownership of the Rover brand, licensing its use to the new MG Rover company for use on the ongoing car models that they had acquired.

MG Rover licensees
Main article: MG Rover Group

A specially assembled group of businessmen, known as the

Phoenix Consortium and headed by ex-Rover chief executive John Towers, established the MG Rover Group
from the former Rover Group car operations (acquired from BMW for a nominal £10 in May 2000) and continued to use the Rover brand under licence from BMW.

In 1999, the Rover Group had sustained losses of an estimated £800 million – largely due to the declining sales of its existing 200 and 400 family cars and initially slow sales of the Rover 75. The four businessmen who took control of the newly formed MG Rover Group are reported to have received around £430-million in a dowry from BMW that included unsold stock.

The first new Rover-branded car to be launched after the formation of MG Rover was the estate version of the

45
were shown in the early 2000s, but no production model emerged.

MG Rover production ceased on 15 April 2005, when it was declared

Nanjing Automobile Group for £53m. They indicated that their preliminary plans involved relocating the Powertrain engine plant to China while splitting car production into Rover lines in China and resumed MG lines in the West Midlands (though not necessarily at Longbridge), where a UK R&D
and technical facility would also be developed.

On 30 May 2007,

Nanjing Automobile Group
claimed to have restarted production of MG TF sports cars in the Longbridge plant, with sales expected to begin in the autumn.

Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC), who held the intellectual property of Rover 75 car design (bought for £67m before MG Rover collapsed) and was also bidding for MG Rover, announced their own version of the Rover 75 in late 2006. In July 2006, SAIC announced their intent to buy the Rover brand name from BMW, who still owned the rights to the Rover brand.[7] However, BMW refused their request, due to an agreement that Ford had reached with them to be given first option on the brand when it acquired Land Rover. Unable to use the Rover name, SAIC created their own brand with a similar name and badge, known as Roewe
. Roewe was eventually launched in early 2007.

Land Rover

Ford purchased the Land Rover company from BMW in 2000, and the deal included the option to purchase the Rover brand name if MG Rover ceased trading. This right was exercised on 18 September 2006 and effectively meant the brand was transferred to Land Rover.[8][9]

Jaguar Land Rover

Ford sold their Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors in 2008, along with the rights to the Rover brand.[10] In 2013, the operations of Jaguar Cars and Land Rover were merged into the single car manufacturing company Jaguar Land Rover along with the rights to the Rover brand.[9]

Models

Launched by Rover Company (1904–1967)

1938 Rover 14
1966 Rover P6

Launched by BLMC/BL (1967–1986)

1986 Rover 416i (Australian market)

Rebrands by Rover Group (1986–2000)

Rover Metro
  • Mini/Supermini cars
    • 1986–2000 Rover Mini – Originally called the Austin Seven/Morris Mini Minor in 1959, but renamed Rover Mini in 1986.
    • 1990–1998
      Rover Metro, Rover 100 (111/114/115)
      – Originally called the Austin Metro. Rebranded as a Rover three years after Austin's fall.
  • Family cars
    • 1989–1994 Maestro – Never branded a Rover, but sold through brand dealerships with a badge the same shape as the Rover badge.
    • 1989–1994 Montego – Never branded a Rover, but sold through brand dealerships with a badge the same shape as the Rover badge.

Launched by Rover Group (1986–2000)

Rover 400
1999 Rover 75
  • Family cars
    • 1992–1998
      Rover 200 Coupe (216/218/220/220 Turbo)
    • 1990–1999
      Rover 400 (414/416/418/420)
    • 1993–1999
      Rover 600 (618/620/623 and 620ti)
  • Executive cars
    • 1986–1999
      Sterling
    • 1999–2005 Rover 75
2004 Rover Streetwise
Rover 45
and 2004 Rover 75 Mk II

Launched by MG Rover (2000–2005)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Trade Mark Number UK00000035242". Intellectual Property Office. Crown (UK Government). Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  2. ^ "Case details for Trade Mark 35242" (PDF). Intellectual Property Office. Crown (UK Government). Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  3. ISBN 0-273-70653-5
    .
  4. ^ Doran, James (19 September 2006). "Ford pays £6m for Rover marque". The Times. Retrieved 19 September 2006.
  5. ^ Kirill Ougarov (28 March 2008). "Tata gets trio of Brit marque names as part of JLR buy". Motor Trend. Source Interlink Media. Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2008.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Mortally wounded ... by Jaguar: Rover would probably be in a much healthier state today if it had not received a massive blow from Jaguar 30 years ago...". CAR: 100. December 2000.
  7. ^ "BMW agrees to sell Rover brand to SAIC". Reuters. Retrieved 16 August 2006.[dead link]
  8. ^ "Ford buys Rover brand name from BMW". Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  9. ^ a b "[Rover] Trade Mark Details as at 2 April 2013" (PDF). Intellectual Property Office. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  10. ^ "5 for 2 special: Tata acquires 3 other British brands in Jaguar, Land Rover deal". Leftlane News. 28 March 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  11. ^ "Austin Rover Online". Austin-rover.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 May 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2010.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rover vehicles.
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