Royal Tombs of the Goryeo Dynasty
Royal Tombs of the Goryeo Dynasty | |
Tomb of King Wanggon | |
Korean name | |
---|---|
Chosŏn'gŭl | 고려왕릉 |
Hancha | |
Revised Romanization | Goryeo wangneung |
McCune–Reischauer | Koryŏ wangrŭng |
The Royal Tombs of the Goryeo Dynasty are a group of tombs of members of the Korean Goryeo Dynasty (918 – 1392).
The tombs
The royal tombs are scattered around southwestern
Koryo-era royal tombs followed the guidelines outlined in Chinese Confucian texts, such as the Book of Rites (Li Ji) and the Rites of Zhou (Zhou Li). Many factors went into consideration when deciding the location of a tomb, such as the distance from Kaesong, the distance in relation to other royal tombs, the accessibility of the location, and the tradition of Feng Shui (known as 'Pungsu' in Korean). The tomb construction also took into account traditional burial rituals of Korea and the natural environment.
Hyonnung
37°59′6″N 126°30′19″E / 37.98500°N 126.50528°E
Hyonrung (현릉/
Chongrung
37°51′29″N 126°33′35″E / 37.85806°N 126.55972°E
Chongrung (정릉/貞陵) is the tomb of Queen Sinsong, a wife of King Taejo. The tomb is in poor condition, with only its earthen burial mound and some stone pillars remaining. It is located in Hwagok-ri, Kaepung County, and is listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #573.
Anrung
37°56′58″N 126°33′17″E / 37.94944°N 126.55472°E
Anrung (안릉/
Honrung
38°2′24″N 126°31′19″E / 38.04000°N 126.52194°E
Honrung (헌릉/憲陵) is the tomb of King Kwangjong (925-975, r. 949-975), fourth monarch of the Koryo dynasty. The tomb survives in fair condition, though it is missing its guardian statues. It is located in Samgo-ri, Kaesong, and is listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #545.
Yongrung
37°56′4″N 126°35′26″E / 37.93444°N 126.59056°E
Yongrung (영릉/榮陵) contains the remains of King Kyongjong (955-981, r. 975-981), fifth monarch of the Koryo dynasty. The tomb is good condition, with its original stone railings and guardian statues. It is located on the side of Mt. Jinbong in Panmun, Kaepung County, and is listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #569.
Kangrung
37°56′9″N 126°33′26″E / 37.93583°N 126.55722°E
Kangrung (강릉/康陵) is the tomb of King Songjong (960-997, r. 981-997), sixth monarch of the Koryo dynasty. Nothing remains of his tomb but its earthen burial mound. It is located near Jinbong-ri, Kaepung County, and is listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #567.
Sonrung Cluster
37°59′36″N 126°30′16″E / 37.99333°N 126.50444°E
Sonrung (선릉/宣陵) is the burial place of King Hyonjong (992-1031, r. 1009-1031), eighth monarch of the Koryo dynasty. Next to his grave are two tombs known as Sonrunggun Tomb #2 & 3, which contain the remains of two unknown relatives. Though Sonrung is in good condition, the other two are in a state of disrepair, with Tomb #3 in addition having lost its guardian deities. The three graves are located in Haeson-ri, Kaepung County, and are listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #547.
Konrung & Wonrung
38°3′41″N 126°36′1″E / 38.06139°N 126.60028°E/38°3′38″N 126°36′4″E / 38.06056°N 126.60111°E
Konrung (건릉/乾陵) and Wonrung (원릉/元陵) are respectively the tombs of Anjong and Queen Honjong, the parents of King Hyonjong. The tombs are in good condition, though not particularly elaborate. The two graves are located in Hyonhwa Valley in Wolgo-ri, Changpung County. They are listed as North Korean Cultural Assets #572 & 571, respectively.
Kyongrung
38°0′27″N 126°39′39″E / 38.00750°N 126.66083°E
Kyongrung (경릉/景陵) is the tomb of King Munjong (1019-1083, r. 1046-1083), 11th monarch of the Koryo dynasty. Though his tomb remains intact, it is severely weathered. It is located in Kyongrung-dong near Sonjuk-ri, Changpung County, and is listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #570.
Songrung
37°56′16″N 126°32′59″E / 37.93778°N 126.54972°E
Songrung (성릉/成陵) is the burial place of King Sunjong (1047-1083, r. 1083), 12th monarch of the Koryo dynasty, who died within a year of ascending the throne. His tomb is very small, but in intact. It is located near Jinbong-ri in Kaepung County, and is listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #568.
Yurung
37°56′15″N 126°32′56″E / 37.93750°N 126.54889°E
Yurung (유릉/裕陵) contains the remains of King Yejong (1097-1122, r. 1105-1122), 16th monarch of the Koryo dynasty. Almost nothing remains of it. It is located near Osan-ri in Kaepung County.
Yangrung
37°56′55″N 126°33′27″E / 37.94861°N 126.55750°E
Yangrung (양릉/陽陵) is the tomb of King Sinjong (1144-1204, r. 1197-1204), 20th monarch of the Koryo dynasty. It is in poor condition, with only the earthen burial mound and one guardian statue still remaining. Slightly damaged wall murals found in the burial chamber depict 158 dogs, while the ceiling is decorated with constellations including the Big Dipper. As with Anrung, the murals in the tomb are considered an important link to earlier Koguryo tomb art. Yangrung is located on the south face of Kaesong's Namsan in Konam-ri, Kaepung County, next to Anrung. It is listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #553.
Hurung
Hurung (후릉/
Sorung Cluster
38°1′22″N 126°32′54″E / 38.02278°N 126.54833°E
Sorung (소릉/昭陵) is the burial place of King Wonjong (1214-1274, r. 1260-1274), 24th monarch of the Koryo dynasty. Wonjong was the last Koguryo monarch to be titled Temple name due to the Mongol invasion. Near to his grave are five tombs known as Sorunggun Tombs #2, 3, 4, and 5, which contain the remains of four unknown relatives. With the exception of Tomb #3, all of the tombs are in good repair. The five graves are located in Sorung Valley in Ryonghung-dong, Kaesong, and are listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #562.
Myongrung Cluster
37°58′53″N 126°29′55″E / 37.98139°N 126.49861°E
Myongrung (명릉/明陵) is the burial place of King Chungmok (1337-1348, r. 1344-1348), 29th monarch of the Koryo dynasty. Near to his grave are two tombs known as Myongrunggun Tombs #2 and 3, which contain the remains of two unknown relatives. The tombs are all in fair condition, weathered but intact. The three graves are located in Yonrung-ri in Kaepung County; Myongrung itself is listed as North Korean Cultural Asset #549, while the Tombs #2 and 3 are listed as Cultural Asset #169.
Hyonjongrung
37°58′55″N 126°28′23″E / 37.98194°N 126.47306°E
Hyonjongrung (현정릉/
References
- http://cafe.naver.com/historyexam.cafe?iframe_url=/ArticleList.nhn%3F%26search.boardtype=%26search.menuid=333%26search.clubid=15134008%26search.totalCount=151%26search.page=5
- https://web.archive.org/web/20111007061716/http://www.vnc.nl/items/steden/kaesong.php?id=289
- https://web.archive.org/web/20131219195853/http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/inx/index.jsp
- http://www.cybernk.net
See also
- Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
- Koryo Dynasty