Sacerdotal state

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A sacerdotal state is a state whose

co-princes of Andorra
are not closely involved in the government.

In the past,

Cologne). After the 1648 Peace of Westphalia certain prince-bishoprics became bi-confessional and alternated between governance by Catholic bishops and by Protestant administrators
.

Current Sacerdotal States

The following are sacerdotal or partly sacerdotal states:

French President Emmanuel Macron
(right)

Andorra

co-princes of Andorra are not closely involved in the government.[3]
The Bishop of Urgell is one of the two Catholic religious figures that also lead a country, the other being the Pope of Vatican City. Like other bishops, the Bishop of Urgell is also appointed by the Pope thus the pope appoints a fellow head of state.

Iran

The

Twelver clerics. The supreme leader, known as an ayatollah, is the spiritual leader of the country as well as a powerful political figure with wide-ranging powers and his own military force.[4]

United Kingdom

Since the

Crown dependencies.[5]

Vatican City's head of state and the head of government since the eighth century is the Pope, who is the head of the Catholic Church, with the current pope being Pope Francis (pictured).

Vatican City

See also: Pontificate

Vatican City's head of state since the eighth century is the pope of the Catholic Church.[6][7] The pope is one of the two Catholic religious figures that also lead a country, the other being the Bishop of Urgell of Andorra.

Former Sacerdotal States

The following are states that were sacerdotal or partly sacerdotal:

Montenegro

Serbian Orthodox ecclesiastical principality that existed from 1516 until 1852 in the Balkans during the Ottoman Empire's rule over the most of the region.[8]

Tibet

In the past, Tibet was ruled by the Dalai Lamas, political leaders who were symbolic religious leaders but had no formal position in religious organisations, so not being sacerdotal.[9]

References

  1. ^ "Dutch MPs protest Vatican international voting rights over AIDS". 18 November 2000. Archived from the original on 26 July 2003.
  2. ^ "In Biden's visit with the pope, a page from Reagan's playbook?". www.theconversation.com. 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2022-05-08. The Holy See has been an independent city-state since 1929, but in reality, the pope has been a head of state at least since the eighth century.
  3. ^ Things about the history of Andorra Archived 9 February 2010 at archive.today French Co-prince (in Catalan)
  4. ^ "The Assembly of Experts - The Iran Primer". iranprimer.usip.org. 13 June 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  5. ^ Queen and the Church of England, Official website of the British Monarchy, archived from the original on 2 December 2010, retrieved 18 June 2010; Roles and Responsibilities: Overview, The Archbishop of Canterbury, archived from the original on 3 August 2008, retrieved 9 October 2008
  6. ^ "Dutch MPs protest Vatican international voting rights over AIDS". 18 November 2000. Archived from the original on 26 July 2003.
  7. ^ "In Biden's visit with the pope, a page from Reagan's playbook?". www.theconversation.com. 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  8. ISBN 978-1-55753-465-1
    .
  9. ^ Schaik, Sam van. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press 2011, page 129, "Gelug: the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism"
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