Sanghapala

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Sanghapala
ភិក្ខុសង្ឃបាល
TitlePreah Phikho
Personal
Born460
Funan
Died524 (age 65)
Jiankang, Eastern Wu
ReligionBuddhism
NationalityCambodian
SchoolTheravada ?
Senior posting
TeacherGuṇavṛddhī

Sanghapāla (506–518 CE) was a famous

Southern and Northern Dynasties China
.

He, along with the fellow

Funan monk, Mandrasena, translated Buddhist scriptures such as the Vimuttimagga or Path to Freedom into Chinese.[1]
: 58, 92 

He is one of the only two Cambodian monks whose translations currently figure in the Tripitaka.[2]

Identification

Sanghapala is sometimes referred to by the Khmer name of Sanghavarman. In Chinese, he is also known as Sengqie-Poluo (僧伽婆羅).[3]

Biography

Sanghapala was born in Funan in the year 460 AD,[2] in the modern day Kingdom of Cambodia. He became a monk in his teens and traveled to China where he lived in Jiankang, nowadays Nanking, the capital city of Southern Qi dynasty during that time. He was discipled by Guṇavṛddhī, a certain Indian monk who had travelled to Chinaduring the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang who intended to propagate Buddhism to China as King Ashoka had one for India.[4] He acquired the knowledge of many languages including Pali, Sanskrit and classical Chinese.

Pala was clean of body and of mind and was reluctant to engage in conversation. In the seclusion of his room he stayed and worked, taking a very simple fare.

— Zokukosoden, Further Biographies of Famous Clerics, number 2060, volume 50 of the Taisho edition of the Chinese Tripitaka.[5]

He was then sponsored by the court of Jiankang to translate new works into Chinese as early as 506.[6] Among others, Sanghapala was ordered to write a new translation known as Ayuwang jing, or the Scripture of King Aśoka (T.2043) from the original Ashokavadana, an Indian Sanskrit-language text that describes the birth and reign of the third Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.[7] He worked as an official translator for 16 years and established offices in five different locations, one of which was now as "The Funan Desk".[2]

Sanghapala died at the age of 65 in 524 AD.[8]

Legacy: the Chinese translation of lost Pali texts

Buddhaghosa with three copies of Visuddhimagga, i.e. The Path to Purity, which compares with the work that Sanghapala translated to Chinese, Vimuttimagga, i.e. The Path of Freedom.

Theravada Buddhism
until this day.

Bibliography

There are nine works of Sanghapala in the catalogue of the Chinese translations of the Buddhist Tripitaka established by Nanjō Bun'yū, namely,

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1
    .
  2. ^
    doi:10.3406/befeo.1903.1216
    .
  3. ISBN 978-90-04-52215-2
    , retrieved 26 May 2023
  4. JSTOR 25066800
    .
  5. ^ Arahant Upatossa; Rev. N. R.M. Ehara (1961). Vimuttimagga or the Path of Freedom (PDF). Translated by Soma Thera & Kheminda Thera. Buddhist Publication Society. pp. XLII.
  6. ISBN 978-0-19-093754-6
    .
  7. ^ Strong, John S. (1983). The Legend of King Aśoka: A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna. Vol. xii. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp. 198–201.
  8. ^
    doi:10.3406/clao.1990.1329
    .
  9. JSTOR 41694259
    .
  10. ^ Nanjio, Bunyiu (1883). A Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka: The Sacred Canon of the Buddhists in China and Japan. Clarendon Press.
  11. doi:10.3406/befeo.1931.4415
    .
  12. ^ Nanjio, Bunyiu (1883). A catalogue of the Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka : the sacred canon of the Buddhists in China and Japan. Cornell University Library. Oxford Clarendon Press. p. 422.

External links

Media related to Sanghapāla at Wikimedia Commons

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