Scandza
Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work Getica. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world.[1] The location is usually identified with Scandinavia.
Jordanes was a Roman citizen living in
Geographical description through history
Early Greek and Roman geographers used the name Scandia for various uncharted islands in
The first attested written use of the name for a Northern European island appears in the work of RomanWhen Scandinavian scholars became familiar with the Roman records in the Middle Ages, Scandiae was used as an alternative Latin name for Terra Scania. The early 13th-century Latin paraphrase of the Scanian Law bears the title Lex Scandiae provincialis.[8]
Jordanes referred to
In the 16th century, Olaus Magnus, a Swedish cartographer familiar with Pliny's writings, created a map where he placed the name "Scandia" in the middle of today's Sweden. In Olaus Magnus' map, the name denotes an area including "Svecia" (Svealand), "Gothia" and "Norvegia" (Norway), where he places various tribes described by the ancient geographers.
Although mainly a historical name, Scandia still occasionally continues in use today as a Latin name for
Midsummer sun and the midwinter darkness
In the north, there was the nation of the Adogit (perhaps referring to the inhabitants of Hålogaland in Norway or the people of Andøya[9]) who lived in continual light during the midsummer (for forty days and nights) and in continual darkness (for as long) during the midwinter. Due to this alternation they go from joy to suffering (the first description of the Scandinavian winter depression). The sun moreover seemed to pass along the horizon rather than rise from below.
Inhabitants
Jordanes names a multitude of tribes living in Scandza, which he named a womb of nations (loosely translated), and says they were taller and more ferocious than the Germans (archaeological evidence has shown the Scandinavians of the time were tall, probably due to their diet). The listing represents several instances of the same people named twice, which was probably due to the gathering of information from diverse travellers
On the island there were the Screrefennae (i.e.
There were also the Suehans (
There were also the Theustes (the people of the
Other tribes were the Ahelmil (identified with the region of Halmstad[14]), the Finnaithae (Finnhaith-, i.e. Finnheden, the old name for Finnveden), the Fervir (the inhabitants of Fjäre Hundred) and the Gautigoths (the Geats of Västergötland), a nation which was bold and quick to engage in war.
There were also the Mixi, Evagreotingis (or the Evagres and the Otingis depending on the translator), who live like animals among the rocks (probably the numerous hillforts and Evagreotingis is believed to have meant the "people of the island hill forts" which best fits the people of southern Bohuslän[15]).
Beyond them, there were the Ostrogoths (
) were similar.He also named the Suetidi; a second mention of the
In the same area there were the Granni (
See also
- Jurate Rosales
- Germanic peoples
- Gothicismus
Notes
- ^ a b Jordanes. The origin and deeds of the Goths.
- ^ a b Burenhult 1996:94
- ^
ISBN 3-11-014876-5, p. 601.
- ^ Blackie, John Stuart (1866). Homer and the Iliad. Notes, Philological and Archaeological. Edmonston and Douglas, 1866. Digitized 30 August 2006.
- ^
Helle, Knut (2003). "Introduction". The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Ed. E. I. Kouri et al. Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-521-47299-7.
- ^ Chapter 30. (16.)- BRITANNIA.. The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. John Bostock. Taylor and Francis, 1855.
- ^ Ptolemy, Book II, Chapter 10: Greater Germany (Fourth Map of Europe); interpreted by Bill Thayer.
- ^ Herzog, Johann Jakob et al. (1896). Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche. J. C. Hinrichs Theology, published 1896. Digitized 15 November 2006.
- ^ a b Nerman 1925:36
- ^ Nerman 1925:46
- ^ Ohlmarks 1994:255
- ^ Nerman 1925:40
- ^ Nerman 1925:38
- ^ Ohlmarks 1994:10
- ^ Nerman 1925:42ff
- ^ a b Nerman 1925:44
- ISBN 978-0-631-21197-6.
- ISBN 978-91-981859-4-2.
- ^ Thunberg 2012:44-52.
- ^ a b c d e Nerman 1925:45
Sources
- Jūratė Statkutė de Rosales (2004) Balts and Goths: the missing link in European history, translation by Danutė Rosales; supervised and corrected by Ed Tarvyd. Lemont, Ill. : Vydūnas Youth Fund.
- Burenhult, Göran (1996) Människans historia, VI.
- Nerman, B. Det svenska rikets uppkomst. Stockholm, 1925.
- Ohlmarks, Å. (1994). Fornnordiskt lexikon
- Ståhl, Harry (1970) Ortnamn och ortnamnsforskning, AWE/Gebers, Uppsala.