Schüsselpfennig
A Schüsselpfennig ("dish pfennig"), also Gehulchter Pfennig ("hollow pfennig"[1]) is so called due to the stamping technique which results in a concave, one-sided type of Pfennig coin. It was probably first minted in 1374 in the Palatinate. Small Schüsselpfennigs that had entered the Electorate of Saxony were referred to there as Näpfchenheller ("saucer hellers").[2][3]
History
The Schüsselpfennig was widespread and can even be found in dictionaries described as a "small one-sided pfennig made of silver with a rim that is curved upwards like a dish".[4] It was manufactured by minting using only one, upper, stamp on a larger planchet. When the pfennig was stamped, its edge was pressed upwards in the shape of a bowl or dish. The convex shape of the pfennigs proved to be very practical in payment transactions because the small coins were easier to grip than their flat counterparts.
The forerunners of the Schüsselpfennigs were the one-sided Engelpfennigs ("angel pfennigs") and
The so-called Palatine Weckeler with its image of a lozenged shield (Weckenschild) or the lozenge (Wecken) alone without a shield were minted from about 1390. From the 15th century, its characteristic feature was its curved shape and the thick beaded circle that surrounded the coin image. The beaded circle does not occur on the later Schüsselpfennigs of the 16th to 18th centuries.
According to the Aschaffenburg convention of 1424, the Schüsselpfennigs had a fine weight of 0.20 g and rough weight of 0.39 g. There were also half pfennigs. The coins issued later had a much lower quality and value. The distribution of Schüsselpfennigs included southern and southwestern Germany, western Germany, Hesse, the Harz and Central Germany. Switzerland also had this type of pfennig minted.
Up until the 18th century, Schüsselpfennigs were primarily coined in the mints of the Harz Mountains. However, the last of these pfennigs were minted in Switzerland by the Canton of St. Gallen; these remained undated even up to 1822.[6][7]
Näpfchenheller
In
The saucer- or bowl-shaped pfennigs had a very low silver content weight of about 0.15 g with a fine weight of 0.004 g. They were minted either by
Characteristics
The forerunners of the Schüsselpfennigs came from the German imperial city of Strasbourg and from Trier from the beginning of the 14th century. They already have the typical bowl or saucer shape with a pearl circle surrounding the coin design (see the Strasbourg Lilienpfennig). They are similar to even small bracteates, but are not made of thin sheet metal.
The Schüsselpfennigs that followed later had a characteristic thick pearl circle that gradually became less noticeable or disappeared in later coins from the 16th to the 18th century.[10] The one-sided concave pfennig type got its shape from a coin die that was smaller in diameter than the blank. As a result, the coin metal was compressed into a structure in the embossing area and its perimeter was bent upwards. In the case of the late Swiss Schüsselpfennigs, however, the stamping seems to have been carried out with a convex die on a smooth, hollow base (see the Schüsselpfennig in the picture above).
See also
- Saxon coinage
References
- ^ Deutsches Wörterbuch by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm
- ^ Kahnt (2005), pp. 429–430
- ^ Von Schrötter et al. (1930), p. 615
- ^ Duden: "Schüsselpfennig – kleiner einseitig geprägter Pfennig aus Silber mit tellerartig aufgebogenem Rand."
- ^ Kahnt (2005), p. 429
- ^ Kahnt (2005), p. 429–430.
- ^ Fengler et al. (1976) p. 350.
- ^ Kahnt (2005), p. 309.
- ^ Fengler et al. (1976), p. 254.
- ^ Kahnt (2005), p. 430.
Literature
- Kahnt, Helmut (2005). Das große Münzlexikon von A bis Z., Regenstauf.
- Fengler, Heinz, Gerd Gierow and Willy Unger (1976). transpress Lexikon Numismatik, Berlin.
- Von Schrötter, Friedrich (ed.), N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer and J. Wilcke (1970) [reprint of the original 1930 edn.] Wörterbuch der Münzkunde, Berlin: de Gruyter.