Sea transport systems

Sea transport systems in today's

market have evolved into three separate but closely connected segments: bulk shipping, liner shipping and specialized shipping. Although these segments belong to the same industry, each carries out different tasks and has a very different character.

Large homogeneous parcels such as

owned by companies moving their own cargo in their own ships and the ships owned by independent shipowners and chartered to the cargo owners.

Bulk shipping

The bulk shipping industry carries large parcels of

per ship each year. In addition, service levels are usually low so little overhead is required to run the ships and organize the cargo.

Liner shipping

The liner service transports small parcels of general cargo, which includes manufactured and semi-manufactured goods and many small quantities of bulk commodities. Because there are so many parcels to handle on each voyage, this is an organization-intensive business. In addition, the transport leg forms part of an integrated production operation, so speed, reliability and high service levels are important. With so many transactions the business relies on published prices, though nowadays the prices are negotiated with major customers as part of service agreement.

Specialized shipping

Specialized shipping services transport difficult cargoes of which the five most important are cars, forest product, refrigerated cargo, chemicals and

. These trades fall somewhere between bulk and liner. Service provides in these trades invest in specialized ships and offer higher service levels than bulk shipping.

Summary

The three segments of the shipping industry all carry cargo in ships but they face different tasks in terms of the value and volume of cargo, the number of transactions handled and the commercial systems employed.^[1]

See also

• Roll-on/roll-off
• Roll trailer

References