Second law on the status of Jews
The Second French Statute on the Status of Jews, of 2 June 1941 (Loi du 2 juin 1941, Statut des Juifs),
Purpose and scope
Published in the
Applicable throughout the French Empire, in metropolitan France, in the northern and southern zones, and in Algeria, it concerned around 150,000 French Jews and as many foreigners. Its numerous clauses decreed a policy of quotas in France.
Context
This statute was part of a series of laws against Jews and foreigners passed between 1938 and 1944.[8] Between July 1940 and August 1944, the Vichy government produced 143 laws and regulatory acts relating to the condition of Jews. The first definition of the term "Jewish race", logically imperfect,[clarification needed] was enacted under the government of Pierre Laval on 3 October 1940 by the law on the status of Jews.[8] The second statut refined this definition:
A person, regardless of current religious affiliation, who is descended from at least three grandparents of the Jewish race, or from just two if his or her spouse descends from two grandparents of the Jewish race. A grandparent who practiced the Jewish religion is considered to have been of the Jewish race
It also allowed only one means of establishing non - Jewishness," Robert Paxton and Michael Martus noted, "proof of adherence to one of the other confessions recognized by the state before the law of 9 December 1905," [9] which abolished ties between the church and the state.
"Returning France to the French" meant excluding French Jews "from medical and legal professions, from owning property and operating businesses, from education, from the movie industry and the media and all other aspects of society, culture, politics and the economy where their alleged power and influence by definition threatened or had already undermined the power and influence of "true Frenchmen."[10]
The two successive statutes were in effect during the occupation, mainly from April 1942 onwards. The allocation of resources to the Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs implemented a corporatist and "racial" antisemitic policy within the framework of the Révolution nationale.[11] They subsequently served as the legal basis for the collaboration of the French police in the deportation of Jews from Europe, North Africa,[12] and the Levant.
Companion legislation on the registration of Jews
Dated the same day and published on the same day (18 June 1941) was another closely related law The Law of 2 June 1941 on the Compulsory Registration of the Jews requiring that Jews report their names and situations to local authorities.[13]
Texts
In the original French
- "Loi du 2 juin 1941 remplaçant celle du 3 octobre 1940 portant statut des Juifs". Journal Officiel de l'État Français (in French). 164 (2332). Yad Vashem Institut international pour la mémoire de la Shoah: 2475. 2 June 1941.
- https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k20323582/f3.item,
- immediately followed, on page 2476, by No. 2333, the Law of 2 June 1941, Prescribing the Census of Jews, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k20323582/f4.item
English translation
Literature
- Bruttmann, Tal (2006). Au bureau des affaires juives : l'administration française et l'application de la législation antisémite, 1940-1944 [At the Jewish Affairs Office: the French administration and the application of antisemitic legislation, 1940-1944]. L'espace de l'histoire (in French). Paris: la Découverte. ISBN 2-7071-4593-9– via Google Books.
- Bruttmann, Tal (2010). "La langue de la persécution". In Coppi, Michele; Battini, Marie-Anne; Matard-Bonucci, Johannes (eds.). Antisemitismi a confronto : Francia e Italia : ideologie, retoriche, politiche. Pisa: Pisa University Press. pp. 121–137. OCLC 762628171.
- Joly, Laurent (2008). "L'administration de l'État français et le statut des Juifs du 2 juin 1941". Archives Juives (in French). 41 (1): 25–40. .
- Bruttmann, Tal (2010). "Tradition nationale et emprunts doctrinaux dans l'antisémitisme de Vichy". In Coppi, Michele; Battini, Marie-Anne; Matard-Bonucci, Johannes (eds.). Antisemitismi a confronto : Francia e Italia : ideologie, retoriche, politiche. Pisa: Pisa University Press. pp. 139–154. OCLC 762628171.
- Laffitte, Michel (2010). "La question des aménagements, du statut des juifs sous Vichy". In Coppi, Michele; Battini, Marie-Anne; Matard-Bonucci, Johannes (eds.). Antisemitismi a confronto : Francia e Italia : ideologie, retoriche, politiche. Pisa: Pisa University Press. pp. 121–137. OCLC 762628171.
See also
- Union générale des israélites de France
- Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline
- Police collaboration in Vichy France
- Natural person in French law
- Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
References
- ISBN 978-0-89236-891-4. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ a b c "2e statut des juifs et loi sur le recensement des juifs signés par le maréchal Pétain" [2nd status of the Jews and law on the census of the Jews signed by Marshal Pétain]. Concours National de la résistance et de la déportation (in French). Canope. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "La politique antisémite des allemands et du gouvernement de Vichy" [The antisemitic policy of the Germans and the Vichy government]. Mémorial de la Shoah (in French). Ministère de l'Éducation nationale. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- OCLC 867599055.
- ^ "Action Francaise" (PDF). Shoah Resource Centre. Yad Vashem - The World Holocaust Remembrance Center. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- JSTOR 40957800. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- JSTOR 23557932. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ^ JSTOR 23698834.
- ^ Paxton, Robert O., and Marrus, Michael Robert. Vichy France and the Jews. United States, Stanford University Press, 1995. page 92
- ^ [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3685578?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents What It Meant to Be "A Jew" in Vichy France: Xavier Vallat, State Anti-Semitism, and the Question of Assimilation], p40, David Carroll, SubStance, Vol. 27, No. 3, Issue 87: Special Issue: The Occupation (1998), pp. 36-54 (19 pages), https://www.jstor.org/stable/3685578 https://doi.org/10.2307/3685578
- ISBN 978-0-02-864528-5. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ^ Stein, Sarah Abrevaya; Boum, Aomar (10 May 2019). "Anti-Jewish Legislation in North Africa". Holocaust Museum. Washington: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ISBN 978-3-11-068333-2.